Current Affairs Revision Hub

News Item

On 14 October 2026, the Union Cabinet approved the continuation of the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) for five years, from FY2026-27 to FY2030-31, with a total outlay of ₹53,428 crore.

The Cabinet also approved renaming NSAP as Pradhan Mantri Samajik Sahayata Yojana.

A major reform concerns disability pensions. The minimum disability requirement has been reduced from 80% to 40%, and the minimum age requirement has been removed.

The revised central assistance for eligible persons with disabilities will be ₹375 for those below 80 years and ₹625 for those aged 80 years or above.

Approximately 3.20 crore beneficiaries across all 36 States and Union Territories are expected to benefit from the approved programme.

The old-age pension, widow pension and family benefit components will continue in their existing form, although their names have been changed.

Background

The National Social Assistance Programme was launched on 15 August 1995.

It is administered by the Ministry of Rural Development.

Its constitutional foundation is associated with Article 41 of the Directive Principles of State Policy.

Article 41 directs the State, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, to make effective provision for securing the right to work, education and public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, disablement and other cases of undeserved want.

The Cabinet approved the following changes in scheme names.

• National Social Assistance Programme becomes Pradhan Mantri Samajik Sahayata Yojana.

• Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme becomes Pradhan Mantri Vridhavastha Pension Yojana.

• Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme becomes Pradhan Mantri Vidhawa Pension Yojana.

• Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme becomes Pradhan Mantri Divyangjan Pension Yojana.

• National Family Benefit Scheme becomes Pradhan Mantri Parivar Labh Yojana.

Important disability pension reforms are given below.

• Earlier minimum disability requirement: 80%.
• Revised disability requirement: 40%.
• Earlier minimum age restriction: Removed.
• Revised eligibility may begin from birth, subject to scheme conditions.
• Assistance for eligible persons aged 0-79 years: ₹375.
• Assistance for eligible persons aged 80 years and above: ₹625.
• Total approved five-year outlay: ₹53,428 crore.
• Expected programme beneficiaries: 3.20 crore.
• Implementation guidelines for disability pension reforms are to be issued and implemented within three months.

The reform is linked to the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.

Under that Act, a person with benchmark disability generally means a person with at least 40% of a specified disability, where the disability is measurable, or a person with a specified disability as certified under the applicable statutory provisions.

Important examination distinction: The Cabinet approved the revised disability pension provisions on 14 October 2026. Their implementation is subject to the subsequent guidelines and implementation process.

Prelims Facts

• Cabinet approval date: 14 October 2026.
• Original programme: National Social Assistance Programme.
• New name: Pradhan Mantri Samajik Sahayata Yojana.
• Original launch: 15 August 1995.
• Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development.
• Constitutional linkage: Article 41.
• Approved period: FY2026-27 to FY2030-31.
• Total outlay: ₹53,428 crore.
• Expected beneficiaries: 3.20 crore.
• Revised disability threshold: 40%.
• Disability pension below 80 years: ₹375.
• Disability pension from 80 years: ₹625.
• Relevant legislation: Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• The reforms represent an important attempt to strengthen social protection for vulnerable households.
• Reducing the disability threshold from 80% to 40% can improve access for persons who were previously excluded despite substantial disabilities.
• Removing the minimum age requirement also recognises that disability-related financial needs may arise during childhood.
• However, effective implementation requires accessible certification procedures, accurate beneficiary identification, timely payments and coordination between Central and State governments.
• The adequacy of pension amounts and the effectiveness of grievance-redress mechanisms remain important policy considerations.

GS Mapping

GS2: Social Justice, Welfare Schemes and Vulnerable Sections; GS3: Inclusive Development

News Item

On 14 October 2026, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment highlighted the expansion of digital market access under BHARAT TULIP.

BHARAT TULIP stands for Traditional Artisans' Upliftment Livelihood Programme.

The initiative is implemented through the National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation.

Launched on 5 November 2024, it aims to connect traditional artisans with wider domestic and international markets.

The programme promotes traditional products through common branding, digital marketing, e-commerce and buyer-seller interactions.

Background

The National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation functions under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

It supports economic empowerment and livelihood opportunities for eligible target groups.

BHARAT TULIP focuses on traditional artisans and craftspeople.

Important components include the following.

• Common branding of traditional products.
• Digital marketing and e-commerce support.
• Improved product visibility.
• Quality assurance.
• Skill development.
• Logistics and delivery support.
• Participation in exhibitions and trade fairs.
• Buyer-seller interactions.

Products promoted under the initiative include handcrafted jewellery, handwoven textiles, traditional leather products and home décor items.

The programme seeks to combine livelihood development with preservation of traditional craftsmanship.

Important distinction: BHARAT TULIP is an artisan market-access and livelihood initiative. It should not be confused with a geographical indication registration programme.

Prelims Facts

• Initiative: BHARAT TULIP.
• Full form: Traditional Artisans' Upliftment Livelihood Programme.
• Launch date: 5 November 2024.
• Ministry: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
• Implementing organisation: NBCFDC.
• Focus: Traditional artisans and craftspeople.
• Important mechanism: Digital marketing and e-commerce.
• Official update: 14 October 2026.
• Related legislation for GI products: GI Act, 1999.

GS Mapping

GS2: Social Justice and Welfare; GS3: MSMEs, Livelihoods and Inclusive Development

News Item

On 13 October 2026, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry released a five-year progress assessment of the PM GatiShakti National Master Plan.

Launched in October 2021, the initiative completed five years of integrated infrastructure planning.

The government reported that the platform had integrated more than 1,800 geospatial data layers covering 58 Central Ministries and Departments and all 36 States and Union Territories.

The Network Planning Group had evaluated 421 infrastructure projects worth approximately ₹20.23 lakh crore.

The government also highlighted the approved establishment of the Integrated Transport and Logistics Authority.

Background

PM GatiShakti National Master Plan was launched on 13 October 2021.

Its objective is to improve integrated planning and coordination of infrastructure projects.

The platform was developed by the Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics, commonly known as BISAG-N.

It uses geospatial technology to integrate infrastructure-related information.

Important achievements reported in October 2026 are given below.

• More than 1,800 data layers integrated.
• 58 Central Ministries and Departments covered.
• All 36 States and Union Territories integrated.
• More than 65 software modules and tools developed.
• More than 100 mobile and web applications supported.
• 421 infrastructure projects evaluated.
• Approximate value of evaluated projects: ₹20.23 lakh crore.

The PM GatiShakti Public platform was launched through the Unified Geospatial Interface in September 2025.

It extended selected data-analysis capabilities to private entities and the public.

The platform has also expanded to district-level planning and social-sector infrastructure.

Important institutional components include the Empowered Group of Secretaries, Network Planning Group and Technical Support Unit.

The newly approved Integrated Transport and Logistics Authority is intended to strengthen research, planning, appraisal, monitoring and impact assessment in the transport and logistics sectors.

Important distinction: Evaluation of 421 projects does not mean that all these projects have been completed or that their entire estimated value has already been spent.

Prelims Facts

• Scheme: PM GatiShakti National Master Plan.
• Launch date: 13 October 2021.
• Five-year milestone: 13 October 2026.
• Nodal ministry: Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
• Platform developer: BISAG-N.
• Data layers: More than 1,800.
• Central Ministries and Departments: 58.
• States and Union Territories covered: 36.
• Projects evaluated: 421.
• Estimated project value: ₹20.23 lakh crore.
• Public platform launched: September 2025.
• New institutional initiative: Integrated Transport and Logistics Authority.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• PM GatiShakti addresses the problem of fragmented infrastructure planning across government departments.
• Integrated planning can reduce duplication, improve multimodal connectivity and support more efficient use of public resources.
• Its expansion to districts and social-sector infrastructure may improve access to schools, healthcare and essential services.
• However, the effectiveness of the programme depends on accurate data, coordination among implementing agencies and actual project outcomes.
• Regular monitoring and transparent evaluation remain essential.

GS Mapping

GS3: Infrastructure, Logistics, Economic Development and Technology

News Item

On 13 October 2026, the Ministry of Jal Shakti released an assessment of industrial pollution-control measures under the Namami Gange Programme.

According to the assessment, industrial compliance in the Ganga basin increased from 39% in 2017 to 86% in 2025.

The Biochemical Oxygen Demand pollution load in the Ganga basin declined by 72.46% over the same period.

The government reported that 3,703 Grossly Polluting Industries were assessed during the 2025 inspection cycle across the Ganga and Yamuna basins.

The release highlighted the growing role of scientific monitoring, industrial inspections and wastewater recycling.

Background

Namami Gange is a flagship programme for the conservation and rejuvenation of the River Ganga.

It is implemented under the Ministry of Jal Shakti through the National Mission for Clean Ganga and other participating institutions.

Important findings released on 13 October 2026 are given below.

• Grossly Polluting Industries assessed in 2025: 3,703.
• Industries assessed in the Ganga basin: 1,296.
• Industries assessed in the Yamuna basin: 2,407.
• Districts covered: 113.
• Geographical coverage: Six States and one Union Territory.
• Ganga-basin industrial compliance in 2017: 39%.
• Ganga-basin industrial compliance in 2025: 86%.
• Reduction in Ganga-basin BOD load: 72.46%.
• Technical institutions involved in the 2025 inspection exercise: 25.
• Technical institutions nominated for the 2026 inspection cycle: 40.

The assessment highlighted five major industrial sectors associated with pollution-control charters.

These are pulp and paper, sugar, distilleries, textiles and tanneries.

The programme uses annual inspections, effluent monitoring, sector-specific standards and regulatory follow-up.

Important pollution-related terms include BOD, COD, Effluent Treatment Plant, Common Effluent Treatment Plant and Zero Liquid Discharge.

BOD measures the oxygen required by microorganisms to break down biodegradable organic matter in water.

A higher BOD generally indicates greater biodegradable organic pollution.

The government also highlighted improved water quality in tributaries including Ramganga, Kosi, Dhela and Bahela.

Important distinction: The reported reduction in industrial pollution load does not mean that all sources of river pollution have been eliminated.

Prelims Facts

• Programme: Namami Gange.
• Nodal ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti.
• Assessment released: 13 October 2026.
• Ganga-basin industrial compliance in 2025: 86%.
• Ganga-basin industrial compliance in 2017: 39%.
• Ganga-basin BOD load reduction: 72.46%.
• Grossly Polluting Industries assessed in 2025: 3,703.
• Ganga-basin industries assessed: 1,296.
• Yamuna-basin industries assessed: 2,407.
• Technical institutions nominated for 2026 inspections: 40.
• BOD indicates biodegradable organic pollution.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Industrial pollution control is essential for improving river ecosystems and protecting public health.
• The Namami Gange assessment indicates that regulatory monitoring, independent technical evaluation and wastewater-treatment improvements can contribute to measurable reductions in pollution.
• However, river rejuvenation also requires effective treatment of municipal sewage, agricultural runoff and other non-industrial sources.
• Long-term success depends on continuous monitoring, transparent environmental data, adequate treatment capacity and coordination among States.
• Pollution prevention and water reuse should complement conventional end-of-pipe treatment.

GS Mapping

GS3: Environment, Water Pollution and Conservation

News Item

On 11 October 2026, the Government of India released a progress review marking the first anniversary of the Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses.

The mission has an allocation of ₹11,440 crore for 2025-26 to 2030-31. It aims to increase domestic pulses production, reduce import dependence and improve farmers' incomes.

Background

India is the world's largest producer of pulses. Pulses are an important source of plant protein and contribute to nutritional security.

The mission was launched on 11 October 2025. Its principal focus crops are Tur (Arhar), Urad and Masur.

The government has set the following targets for 2030-31:

• Pulses production of approximately 350 lakh tonnes.
• Productivity of 1,130 kg per hectare.
• Cultivation area of approximately 310 lakh hectares.
• Establishment of 1,000 pulses-processing units.
• Cluster-based interventions in 489 districts.

The mission also envisages distribution of 87.5 lakh free seed kits over six years.

According to the progress review, pulses production increased from 256.83 lakh tonnes in 2024-25 to 274.09 lakh tonnes in 2025-26, based on the Third Advance Estimates.

Average productivity increased from 926 kg per hectare to 957 kg per hectare over the same period.

The government reported that the value of pulses imports declined by 31.52% in 2025-26 compared with 2024-25.

Under the mission, NAFED and NCCF are authorised to procure Tur, Urad and Masur from willing and registered farmers under the prescribed arrangements.

The mission combines improved seeds, assured procurement, processing infrastructure and digital monitoring.

Prelims Facts

• Mission launched on 11 October 2025.
• First anniversary observed on 11 October 2026.
• Financial allocation is ₹11,440 crore.
• Mission period is 2025-26 to 2030-31.
• Principal crops are Tur, Urad and Masur.
• Production target for 2030-31 is approximately 350 lakh tonnes.
• Productivity target is 1,130 kg per hectare.
• Cluster-based interventions cover 489 districts.
• Target is to establish 1,000 pulses-processing units.
• Pulses production in 2025-26 was estimated at 274.09 lakh tonnes in the Third Advance Estimates.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Pulses self-sufficiency is important for nutritional security, agricultural diversification and reducing import dependence.
• Major challenges include yield variability, rainfall dependence, pest attacks, price fluctuations and inadequate processing facilities.
• The mission's success will depend on reliable seed supply, effective procurement, improved irrigation, extension services and remunerative prices for farmers.

GS Mapping

GS3: Agriculture, Food Security and Agricultural Marketing

News Item

On 10 October 2026, the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports reported that the nationwide Yuva Sanwad Mela organised on 9 October had reached 1,06,855 participants. The programme marked the completion of the first month of the 100-Week Sankalp Abhiyan under Nasha Mukt Yuva Abhiyan. It was organised through MY Bharat and the National Service Scheme.

Background

The National Service Scheme is a youth-oriented programme that encourages community service and social responsibility among students.

MY Bharat is a platform associated with youth participation, volunteering, leadership and experiential engagement.

The first month of the campaign focused on the theme "My Health, My Pride".

According to the Ministry, the Yuva Sanwad Mela was organised across 200 designated institutions and their adopted villages.

The campaign involved 93,662 youth participants and reached another 13,193 citizens through community outreach.

Activities included youth dialogues, awareness stalls and cultural performances to communicate the risks of substance abuse.

The Ministry stated that the second month would focus on physical fitness and sports under the theme "Fit Youth, Addiction-Free Youth".

Prelims Facts

• Programme is Nasha Mukt Yuva Abhiyan.
• Related campaign is the 100-Week Sankalp Abhiyan.
• Organising platforms include MY Bharat and NSS.
• Yuva Sanwad Mela was held on 9 October 2026.
• Official progress report published on 10 October 2026.
• Total outreach was 1,06,855 participants.
• Activities covered 200 designated institutions and adopted villages.
• First-month theme was My Health, My Pride.
• Second-month theme was Fit Youth, Addiction-Free Youth.

GS Mapping

GS2: Youth Development and Social Welfare

News Item

On 9 October 2026, the Union Health Ministry reported that Tele-MANAS had received more than 47.75 lakh calls since its launch.

The update was released ahead of World Mental Health Day on 10 October, highlighting efforts to expand accessible mental healthcare.

Background

Tele-MANAS stands for Tele Mental Health Assistance and Networking Across States.

It was launched on 10 October 2022 and provides free, confidential mental health support through helpline 14416, available 24 hours a day.

As of October 2026, 53 Tele-MANAS cells were operational across all 36 States and Union Territories.

The Ministry also highlighted the MANN Jaagriti initiative to improve mental health awareness and encourage early help-seeking.

Prelims Facts

• World Mental Health Day: 10 October.
• Tele-MANAS launched: 10 October 2022.
• Helpline: 14416.
• Calls received: More than 47.75 lakh.
• Operational cells: 53.
• Coverage: All 36 States and Union Territories.
• Related awareness initiative: MANN Jaagriti.

GS Mapping

GS2: Health and Social Welfare

News Item

Union Health Minister J.P. Nadda launched JOSH (Joint Squad for Health) Teams under the TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan on 8 October 2026 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

The initiative aims to involve young volunteers in tuberculosis prevention, early detection, treatment support and community awareness.

Key developments:

• First phase: 55 districts across 11 States and Union Territories.
• Youth participation through MY Bharat and the National Cadet Corps.
• A digital reporting facility was introduced for JOSH Teams.
• In 2026, 67,933 Gram Panchayats across 697 districts were recognised as TB Mukt.

The Health Ministry also highlighted a 21% decline in TB incidence in India and treatment coverage reaching 92%, citing recent WHO data.

Background

Tuberculosis (TB)

• Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Primarily affects the lungs, although other organs may also be affected.
• Spreads through the air when a person with infectious pulmonary TB releases bacteria into the air.
• TB is preventable and curable.

India's TB Control Programme

The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) operates under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Important initiatives include:

• Ni-kshay: Digital TB patient-management platform.
• Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana: Nutritional support for eligible TB patients.
• Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan: Community participation and support for TB patients.

Global linkage: SDG Target 3.3 includes ending the TB epidemic by 2030.

Prelims Facts

• Initiative: JOSH.
• Full form: Joint Squad for Health.
• Launch date: 8 October 2026.
• Launched by: J.P. Nadda.
• Parent campaign: TB Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan.
• First phase: 55 districts, 11 States/UTs.
• TB Mukt Gram Panchayats recognised in 2026: 67,933.
• Districts covered by recognition: 697.
• TB pathogen: Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Global TB elimination linkage: SDG 3.3.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• TB elimination requires more than medical treatment. Early diagnosis, nutritional support, treatment adherence and reduction of social stigma are equally important.
• Youth-led community initiatives can improve awareness and encourage patients to seek timely healthcare.

GS Mapping

GS2: Public Health | Government Schemes

News Item

The Department of School Education and Literacy organised a nationwide screening of an Inclusive Education Sensitisation Module through the PRASHAST Portal on 8 October 2026.

The 30-minute module aims to sensitise school staff about the needs of Children with Special Needs (CwSN).

Key highlights:

• More than 60,000 schools participated.
• Over 72 lakh teachers had already been sensitised.
• The module is available in 12 Indian languages.
• It promotes a whole-school approach to inclusive education.

Background

PRASHAST is a school-based digital screening tool for identifying children with probable disabilities.

It uses a two-part checklist.

Teachers identify observable indicators, while special educators validate cases and facilitate referrals for medical assessment where necessary.

The initiative is linked to:

• Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016.
• National Education Policy, 2020.
• Inclusive education under the school-education system.

PRASHAST is a screening and referral tool, not a substitute for formal medical diagnosis.

Prelims Facts

• Portal: PRASHAST.
• Ministry: Ministry of Education.
• Department: School Education and Literacy.
• Nationwide programme: 8 October 2026.
• Participating schools: More than 60,000.
• Teachers sensitised: Over 72 lakh.
• Languages: 12 Indian languages.
• Legal linkage: RPwD Act, 2016.
• Policy linkage: NEP 2020.

GS Mapping

GS2: Education | Social Justice

News Item

Following intervention by the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC), the Department of Financial Services directed State Level Bankers' Committees and their Union Territory counterparts to report scheme-wise and bank-wise information on Scheduled Caste beneficiaries.

The development was announced on 7 October 2026.

The reporting covers financial-assistance schemes including PM Mudra Yojana, Stand-Up India, PMEGP and PM SVANidhi.

The objective is to improve monitoring, transparency and accountability in the delivery of financial assistance.

Background

The National Commission for Scheduled Castes is a constitutional body established under Article 338.

It monitors safeguards provided to Scheduled Castes under the Constitution and other laws.

It also evaluates the progress of their socio-economic development.

The Commission submits reports to the President of India.

Prelims Facts

• NCSC: Constitutional body.
• Constitutional provision: Article 338.
• Reporting authority: Department of Financial Services.
• Reporting bodies: SLBCs and UTLBCs.
• Action-taken report deadline: 9 October 2026.
• Schemes include PMMY, Stand-Up India, PMEGP and PM SVANidhi.

GS Mapping

GS2: Constitutional Bodies | Social Justice | Welfare Schemes

News Item

The Union Cabinet approved a Government commitment of ₹10,000 crore towards establishment of the SME Growth Fund on 6 October 2026. The Fund will provide long-term equity capital to viable, high-potential Small and Medium Enterprises and seek to create future Indian champion enterprises, with significant emphasis on manufacturing.

Background

The Fund will support enterprises in manufacturing, services, technology, innovation-driven sectors and strategic value chains.

It is designed as a direct-equity investment fund operating through an Alternative Investment Fund structure.

Unlike a conventional bank loan, equity capital involves investment in ownership rather than creation of debt.

According to Government data cited on 6 October, registrations under Udyam and the Udyam Assist Platform had reached about 9.78 crore.

MSMEs accounted for 31.1% of GDP, 35.4% of manufacturing output and 48.58% of exports according to the Economic Survey 2025-26.

Prelims Facts

• SME Growth Fund: ₹10,000 crore Government commitment.
• Approved: 6 October 2026.
• Investment type: Direct equity.
• Structure: Alternative Investment Fund.
• Major focus: Manufacturing-oriented SMEs.
• Also covers services, technology, innovation and strategic value chains.
• AIF regulator: SEBI.
• Udyam + UAP registrations: about 9.78 crore as of 6 October 2026.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• The Fund addresses a structural financing problem faced by growing SMEs: access to patient equity capital. If implemented with transparent selection and professional fund management, it can help viable firms scale, adopt technology and integrate into global value chains without excessive debt dependence.

GS Mapping

GS3: MSMEs | Investment | Industrial Growth

News Item

India's National Telemedicine Service, eSanjeevani, crossed 50 crore cumulative teleconsultations across all States and Union Territories on 6 October 2026. The milestone highlights the expanding role of digital healthcare in improving access for rural, remote and underserved populations.

Background

eSanjeevani is a Government telemedicine platform under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

Telemedicine enables healthcare professionals and patients to interact remotely through information and communication technologies.

It can reduce geographical barriers and unnecessary travel, particularly for primary healthcare and follow-up consultations.

eSanjeevani has emerged as the world's largest telemedicine implementation in primary healthcare according to the Health Ministry.

Digital health platforms complement rather than replace physical healthcare infrastructure.

Prelims Facts

• eSanjeevani: India's National Telemedicine Service.
• Milestone: 50 crore teleconsultations.
• Coverage: All States and Union Territories.
• Parent ministry: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
• Major utility: remote and primary healthcare access.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Telemedicine can improve healthcare accessibility and reduce geographical inequity, but its long-term success requires digital connectivity, trained health workers, data protection, interoperable health records and robust referral systems.

GS Mapping

GS2: Health | E-Governance

News Item

Nagaland launched the Samaveshi Aajeevika Yojana (SAY-SOBLOK) on 6 October 2026 through an MoU between the Nagaland State Rural Livelihoods Mission and BRAC International. The programme aims to support 4,000 extremely vulnerable households using BRAC's Graduation Approach.

Background

The programme operates under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission.

Its interventions include household coaching, livelihood development, financial inclusion, government entitlements, social empowerment and resilience building.

DAY-NRLM is a centrally sponsored rural-poverty-reduction programme implemented through community institutions including Self Help Groups.

The Graduation Approach provides sequenced and time-bound support designed to help extremely poor households develop sustainable livelihoods.

Prelims Facts

• Scheme: SAY-SOBLOK.
• State: Nagaland.
• Beneficiaries: 4,000 extremely vulnerable households.
• Framework: DAY-NRLM.
• Technical partner: BRAC International.
• Implementation lead: Nagaland State Rural Livelihoods Mission.

GS Mapping

GS2: Poverty and Welfare Schemes

News Item

The Department of Financial Services reviewed implementation of major financial-inclusion schemes with public and private sector banks on 6 October 2026. The review covered schemes including Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana and Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana, with emphasis on greater digital outreach and end-to-end digital processing of loans.

Background

PM Jan Dhan Yojana was launched in 2014 to expand access to basic banking services.

PMJJBY is a Government-backed life-insurance scheme.

Financial inclusion means ensuring affordable access to useful financial services such as banking, payments, credit, insurance and pensions.

The Department of Financial Services functions under the Ministry of Finance.

Prelims Facts

• PMJDY launched: 2014.
• PMJJBY: life-insurance scheme.
• Department of Financial Services: Ministry of Finance.
• Review involved public and private sector banks.
• Focus included digital outreach and digital loan processing.

GS Mapping

GS3: Banking and Financial Inclusion

News Item

The Ministry of Communications announced on 5 October that the Sanchar Saathi portal had crossed 30 crore visits since its launch in May 2023. Developed by the Department of Telecommunications, the citizen-centric platform helps users report suspicious communications, check mobile connections registered in their name and block lost or stolen handsets. [Akashvani News](https://newsonair.gov.in/sanchar-saathi-portal-crosses-30-crore-visits-since-launch-in-may-2023-says-communication-ministry/?utm_source=chatgpt.com)

Background

The platform also helps users verify whether a mobile handset is genuine.

More than 14 lakh lost or stolen handsets have been recovered.

More than four crore citizen requests relating to mobile connections registered in users' names have been resolved.

The Financial Fraud Risk Indicator has helped prevent suspected cyber-fraud losses exceeding ₹5,000 crore.

Sanchar Saathi is an important component of citizen-focused telecom and cyber-fraud protection.

Prelims Facts

• Sanchar Saathi launched: May 2023.
• Developed by: Department of Telecommunications.
• Parent ministry: Ministry of Communications.
• Portal visits: over 30 crore.
• Recovered lost/stolen handsets: over 14 lakh.
• Mobile-connection requests resolved: over 4 crore.
• Suspected fraud losses prevented through FFRI: over ₹5,000 crore.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Digital public tools can strengthen cyber-fraud prevention by combining citizen reporting with telecom and financial-sector risk intelligence. Their effectiveness, however, depends on rapid inter-agency information sharing, data protection and public awareness.

GS Mapping

GS3: Cyber Security and Information Technology

News Item

The United Nations welcomed India's approval of Green Energy Corridor Phase-III (GEC-III), describing the grid-strengthening and battery-storage programme as an important step for integrating India's rapidly expanding renewable-energy capacity into the electricity system. The approved outlay is ₹1,86,405 crore, including ₹54,082 crore as Central Financial Assistance.

Background

Renewable sources such as solar and wind are variable because their generation changes with sunlight and wind conditions.

A Green Energy Corridor strengthens transmission infrastructure so electricity generated in renewable-rich regions can be transferred efficiently to demand centres.

GEC-III combines strengthening of intra-State transmission systems with deployment of Battery Energy Storage Systems.

Battery storage can absorb surplus electricity during periods of high renewable generation and supply it later when generation falls or demand rises.

India had already implemented earlier phases of the Green Energy Corridor programme to facilitate renewable-energy evacuation.

Prelims Facts

• GEC-III: Green Energy Corridor Phase-III.
• Approved outlay: ₹1,86,405 crore.
• Central Financial Assistance: ₹54,082 crore.
• Focus: intra-State transmission strengthening and battery storage.
• Renewable-energy corridors facilitate evacuation of renewable electricity.
• BESS can help address intermittency of solar and wind power.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• India's energy transition requires not only additional renewable-generation capacity but also transmission networks, storage and grid flexibility. GEC-III addresses this integration challenge and can improve energy security while reducing renewable-energy curtailment.

GS Mapping

GS3: Energy, Infrastructure and Environment

News Item

A PIB review released on 3 October highlighted one year of implementation of PM-SETU, a ₹60,000-crore programme launched on 4 October 2025 to modernise Government Industrial Training Institutes through industry-linked Hub-and-Spoke clusters. By its first anniversary, 850 ITIs had been identified and Strategic Investment Plans for 14 clusters approved.

Background

PM-SETU stands for Pradhan Mantri Skilling and Employability Transformation through Upgraded ITIs.

Component I covers 1,000 Government ITIs—200 Hub ITIs and 800 Spoke ITIs.

Component II provides capacity augmentation for five National Skill Training Institutes located at Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kanpur and Ludhiana.

The ₹60,000-crore financing structure comprises ₹30,000 crore from the Centre, ₹20,000 crore from States and ₹10,000 crore from industry.

Industry-led Special Purpose Vehicles are proposed with 51% ownership by the Anchor Industry Partner and 24.5% each by the Centre and State Government.

Prelims Facts

• PM-SETU launched: 4 October 2025.
• Total outlay: ₹60,000 crore.
• Target: upgrade 1,000 Government ITIs.
• Structure: 200 Hubs + 800 Spokes.
• Five NSTIs are covered under Component II.
• DGT functions under Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.
• ITIs are under administrative and financial control of States/UTs.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Industry participation can reduce the mismatch between vocational training and labour-market demand. Success will depend on training quality, instructor capacity, industry participation, placement outcomes and continuous updating of curricula for emerging technologies.

GS Mapping

GS2: Human Resource Development | GS3: Employment and Skill Development

News Item

More than 1,850 Gram Panchayats and villages participated in “Jal Arpan” during Special Gram Sabhas held around Gandhi Jayanti. The reform under Jal Jeevan Mission 2.0 seeks to formally strengthen community ownership and Gram Panchayat-led management of rural drinking-water systems.

Background

Jal Arpan provides a structured digital record for handing over rural water-supply schemes to local communities and Gram Panchayats.

For the first time, Har Ghar Jal certificates generated in regional languages were issued to Gram Panchayats through the Jal Arpan module.

Jal Jeevan Mission was originally launched in 2019 with the objective of providing functional household tap connections to rural households.

Long-term drinking-water security requires not only infrastructure creation but also operation, maintenance, source sustainability and community participation.

Prelims Facts

• Jal Arpan is associated with Jal Jeevan Mission 2.0.
• More than 1,850 Gram Panchayats/villages participated.
• Focus: community ownership of rural water-supply systems.
• Jal Arpan includes a digital scheme-handover record.
• Har Ghar Jal certificates can be generated through the module.
• Jal Jeevan Mission is under the Ministry of Jal Shakti.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Moving from infrastructure creation to community-managed service delivery can improve sustainability of rural water systems. Panchayat capacity, water-quality monitoring, source sustainability and adequate operation and maintenance financing remain crucial.

GS Mapping

GS2: Local Governance and Public Service Delivery

News Item

Special Gram Sabhas were organised across India on 2 October to launch the People's Plan Campaign 2026-27, “Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas”. Gram Panchayats will use the campaign to prepare Gram Panchayat Development Plans for FY 2027-28 through participatory and evidence-based planning.

Background

The People's Plan Campaign has been implemented across States and Union Territories since 2018 to institutionalise participatory local planning.

More than 2.55 lakh Gram Panchayats have prepared plans and uploaded them on the e-GramSwaraj portal.

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment inserted Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule into the Constitution.

Article 243A deals with Gram Sabha. The Eleventh Schedule contains 29 subjects that may be devolved to Panchayats.

Prelims Facts

• Campaign: Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas.
• PPC has been implemented since 2018.
• Plans being prepared: GPDP for FY 2027-28.
• e-GramSwaraj is associated with Panchayati Raj governance and planning.
• Article 243A: Gram Sabha.
• Eleventh Schedule: 29 subjects.
• 73rd Amendment: Panchayati Raj.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Participatory planning can improve local accountability by linking public expenditure with village-specific needs. Its effectiveness, however, depends on meaningful Gram Sabha participation, availability of local data, fiscal devolution, administrative capacity and convergence among schemes.

GS Mapping

GS2: Panchayati Raj and Decentralised Governance

News Item

A Government factsheet released on 1 October 2026 highlighted the progress of the PM E-DRIVE Scheme: 26.59 lakh electric vehicles had been sold under the supported ecosystem by June 2026, against intended support for about 28.30 lakh EVs.

Background

PM E-DRIVE stands for PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle Enhancement. It is implemented by the Ministry of Heavy Industries.

The scheme has an outlay of ₹11,900 crore and has been extended to 31 March 2028.

₹4,391 crore has been allocated for deployment of 14,028 e-buses. ₹2,000 crore is earmarked for EV public-charging stations, while ₹780 crore supports modernisation of vehicle-testing agencies.

The scheme uses demand incentives and infrastructure support to accelerate electric mobility and domestic manufacturing.

Prelims Facts

• Implementing Ministry: Ministry of Heavy Industries.
• Outlay: ₹11,900 crore.
• Extended until: 31 March 2028.
• Intended EV support: about 28.30 lakh vehicles.
• EV sales reported up to June 2026: 26.59 lakh.
• Public-charging infrastructure allocation: ₹2,000 crore.

GS Mapping

GS3: Electric Mobility, Energy and Environment

News Item

The Ministry of Panchayati Raj announced on 1 October that Special Gram Sabhas on 2 October would launch the People's Plan Campaign 2026-27, “Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas”, for preparation of Gram Panchayat Development Plans for FY 2027-28.

Background

GPDP is a participatory local-development planning exercise through which Gram Panchayats identify local needs, priorities and available resources.

The Gram Sabha is the body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls relating to a village within the Panchayat area.

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment gave constitutional status to Panchayats and inserted Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule into the Constitution.

The Eleventh Schedule contains 29 subjects that may be devolved to Panchayats.

Prelims Facts

• Campaign: Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas.
• Launch through Special Gram Sabhas: 2 October 2026.
• GPDPs being prepared for FY 2027-28.
• Panchayats: Part IX of Constitution.
• Eleventh Schedule: 29 subjects.
• Constitutional amendment: 73rd Amendment.

GS Mapping

GS2: Local Governance and Decentralisation

News Item

The Union Cabinet approved Green Energy Corridor Phase III on 30 September 2026 to strengthen India's electricity transmission and storage infrastructure for large-scale integration of renewable energy.

Background

The programme is intended to facilitate evacuation of about 135 GW of renewable energy and support around 50 GWh of battery energy storage.

Renewable power is often generated far from major consumption centres. Green Energy Corridors strengthen transmission networks so that renewable electricity can be transferred reliably to the grid.

Battery Energy Storage Systems can store surplus electricity and release it when generation is low or demand is high, helping manage the variability of solar and wind power.

Prelims Facts

• Green Energy Corridor Phase III approved on 30 September 2026.
• Renewable-energy evacuation targeted: about 135 GW.
• Battery-storage support: about 50 GWh.
• GEC is associated with electricity transmission infrastructure.
• GW measures power capacity; GWh measures energy quantity/storage.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• India's renewable transition increasingly requires not only additional generation capacity but also transmission, storage and grid-balancing infrastructure. Without these, rapid growth of solar and wind capacity can lead to congestion and curtailment.

GS Mapping

GS3: Energy Infrastructure, Renewable Energy and Climate Change

News Item

At the conclusion of the National Agriculture Conference-Rabi Campaign 2026 on 29 September, the Government announced that eligible quantities of tur, urad and masoor would be procured at Minimum Support Price, while payments to farmers would be targeted within 48 hours. More than ₹1,200 crore of PM-RKVY support was also sanctioned to ten States.

Background

MSP is an administratively announced minimum price intended to protect farmers against sharp declines in market prices. MSP is announced for 22 mandated crops, while Fair and Remunerative Price is separately announced for sugarcane.

The conference emphasised post-harvest management, scientific warehousing, marketing, natural farming, integrated agriculture and crop diversification.

PM-RKVY is part of the rationalised centrally sponsored agriculture-scheme framework and gives States flexibility to undertake agriculture and allied-sector interventions according to local priorities.

Prelims Facts

• Crops highlighted for procurement: tur, urad and masoor.
• Target payment period: within 48 hours.
• PM-RKVY support announced: more than ₹1,200 crore.
• States receiving this support: 10.
• MSP is announced for 22 mandated crops.
• Sugarcane has Fair and Remunerative Price rather than MSP.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Assured procurement can encourage pulse production and reduce farmers' price risk, but durable farm-income growth also requires storage, processing, market access, crop diversification and demand creation. Procurement policy must additionally be aligned with fiscal sustainability and regional agro-climatic suitability.

GS Mapping

GS3: Agriculture, MSP and Food Security

News Item

The Agriculture Ministry announced that the National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign 2026 would be held in New Delhi on 28-29 September. The conference focuses on Centre-State coordination and preparedness for the forthcoming Rabi season.

Background

The agenda includes pulses, oilseeds, horticulture, cotton, seeds, natural farming, soil health, farm mechanisation, FPOs, PMFBY, Digital Agriculture, Farmer Registry, Digital Crop Survey and AgriStack.

Rabi crops are generally sown after the southwest monsoon and grown during the cooler winter season. Major examples include wheat, gram, mustard and barley.

Prelims Facts

• Conference dates: 28-29 September 2026.
• Venue: NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi.
• Organiser: Department of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare.
• Digital Agriculture Mission, Farmer Registry and Digital Crop Survey feature in the agenda.
• Wheat, gram, mustard and barley are major Rabi crops.

GS Mapping

GS3: Agriculture

News Item

Ahead of the eighth anniversary of Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, the government reported that about 48.51 crore people had received Ayushman cards by 21 September 2026. The scheme continues to provide cashless hospitalisation coverage for eligible beneficiaries.

Background

AB PM-JAY was launched on 23 September 2018. It provides health cover of up to ₹5 lakh per family per year for eligible beneficiaries for secondary and tertiary hospitalisation through empanelled public and private hospitals.

As of 31 August 2026, the government reported about 13.25 crore hospital admissions under the scheme, with treatment value of up to ₹2.03 lakh crore and more than 38,000 empanelled hospitals.

Prelims Facts

• Launch date: 23 September 2018.
• Health cover: up to ₹5 lakh per family per year for eligible beneficiaries.
• Coverage includes secondary and tertiary hospitalisation.
• About 48.51 crore people held Ayushman cards by 21 September 2026.
• More than 38,000 hospitals were empanelled as of 31 August 2026.

GS Mapping

GS2: Health and Government Welfare Schemes

News Item

More than four lakh youth and citizens participated in the Rashtriya Sankalp Samaroh organised across more than 1,000 locations under the “Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat – 100 Weeks Nasha Mukt Yuva Abhiyan”. The mobilisation focused on prevention, awareness, healthy choices and youth-led community participation.

Background

The programme is being facilitated by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports through MY Bharat and partner organisations.

The 20 September mobilisation covered 460 MY Bharat districts, 240 partner-organisation locations and more than 300 locations connected with spiritual organisations, industry associations and university associations.

The initial activity cycle is organised around three themes — My Health, My Pride; Fit Youth, Addiction-Free Youth; and Life Skills Month.

Prelims Facts

• Rashtriya Sankalp Samaroh was held under the 100 Weeks Nasha Mukt Yuva Abhiyan.
• More than four lakh youth and citizens participated.
• Activities were organised at more than 1,000 locations.
• The programme covered 460 MY Bharat districts.
• Partner organisations participated at 240 locations.
• More than 300 additional locations involved spiritual, industry and university associations.
• Activities included the Nasha Mukt pledge and signature campaign.
• The campaign focuses on prevention, awareness, health, fitness and life skills.

GS Mapping

GS2: Social Issues; Youth

News Item

A PIB backgrounder highlighted the scale of India’s community-based frontline workforce supporting rural service delivery. More than nine lakh Community Resource Persons, over 10.40 lakh ASHAs and 10.58 lakh trained Anganwadi Workers are helping connect institutions, schemes and rural households.

Background

Community Resource Persons operate in livelihood, financial-inclusion, insurance, gender and enterprise-development roles. Around 4.08 lakh CRPs work on livelihoods in agriculture, livestock, fisheries, forest produce and rural enterprises.

DAY-NRLM has mobilised more than 10 crore rural households into around 92 lakh Self-Help Groups. Community cadres such as Krishi Sakhis, Pashu Sakhis, Matsya Sakhis and Bank or BC Sakhis provide specialised local support.

The community-cadre model relies on trained local workers for peer learning, behaviour change, service facilitation and convergence of schemes.

Prelims Facts

• More than nine lakh Community Resource Persons are active across rural India.
• Nearly 4.08 lakh CRPs are livelihood CRPs.
• India has more than 10.40 lakh ASHAs and 10.58 lakh trained Anganwadi Workers according to the backgrounder.
• DAY-NRLM has mobilised more than 10 crore rural households into around 92 lakh SHGs.
• More than 1.91 lakh Krishi Sakhis have been mobilised.
• Around 1.70 lakh Pashu Sakhis have been mobilised.
• More than 2,012 Matsya Sakhis and around 2,993 Van Sakhis provide specialised support.
• Over 1.48 lakh BC Sakhis provide doorstep financial services.
• As of June 2026, 4.32 lakh enterprises had been supported under the Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Programme.

GS Mapping

GS2: Governance; Social Sector; Rural Development

News Item

The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas announced that from 1 October 2026, domestic LPG consumers must have completed Biometric Aadhaar Authentication (BAA) to book refills at the regulated Retail Selling Price with applicable subsidy. As of 19 September, 27.43 crore active domestic consumers, or 89.9%, had already completed authentication.

Background

The measure seeks to ensure that subsidised domestic LPG reaches eligible households, while reducing duplicate or ineligible connections and diversion of domestic cylinders for commercial use.

Authentication can be completed at the time of cylinder delivery, at the LPG distributor showroom, or through the mobile applications of Oil Marketing Companies. Consumers who are unable or unwilling to complete authentication can still obtain LPG at the applicable market price, subject to the conditions announced by the government.

The authentication drive has been undertaken by Oil Marketing Companies since October 2023.

Prelims Facts

• The new requirement takes effect from 1 October 2026.
• BAA is required for booking domestic LPG refills at the regulated Retail Selling Price with applicable subsidy.
• 43 crore consumers had completed authentication by 19 September 2026.
• This represented 89.9% of active domestic LPG consumers.
• Authentication can be completed during delivery, at distributor showrooms or through OMC mobile apps.
• IndianOil ONE, HelloBPCL and HP PAY are among the relevant OMC applications.
• The authentication outreach by OMCs began in October 2023.
• Unauthenticated consumers are not completely barred from LPG; market-price supply remains available subject to notified conditions.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Biometric authentication can improve targeting of subsidies and reduce leakage, but welfare-linked digital verification must also provide accessible alternatives for persons facing biometric failure, disability, connectivity problems or documentation gaps. Efficient targeting and exclusion-error safeguards must therefore operate together.

GS Mapping

GS2: Governance and Welfare Delivery; GS3: Energy

News Item

PM Vishwakarma completed three years on 17 September 2026, coinciding with Vishwakarma Jayanti. The scheme achieved its registration target of 30 lakh artisans and craftspeople and continues to provide skill training, toolkits, concessional credit, digital incentives and marketing support.

Background

PM Vishwakarma was launched on 17 September 2023 as a Central Sector Scheme for artisans and craftspeople working in 18 notified family-based traditional trades.

The scheme has an outlay of ₹13,000 crore for FY 2023-24 to FY 2027-28. It is built around the ideas of Samman, Samarthya and Samriddhi and seeks to strengthen the traditional Guru-Shishya mode of skill transmission.

Prelims Facts

• PM Vishwakarma was launched on 17 September 2023.
• It is a Central Sector Scheme.
• It covers 18 traditional trades.
• Its total outlay is ₹13,000 crore for FY 2023-24 to FY 2027-28.
• The registration target of 30 lakh beneficiaries has been achieved.
• Only one member of a family is eligible for registration under the scheme.
• A government employee and members of that employee’s family are not eligible.
• Fully repaid beneficiaries of MUDRA and PM SVANidhi may be eligible subject to scheme conditions.

GS Mapping

GS3: Economy; MSME and Employment

News Item

The Government highlighted eleven years of the Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY) on 17 September 2026. The scheme uses District Mineral Foundation funds for welfare and development in mining-affected areas.

Background

PMKKKY was launched on 17 September 2015. It is implemented through District Mineral Foundations, which were introduced through the 2015 amendment to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957.

DMFs are non-profit trusts created in mining-affected districts. Contributions are linked to mineral royalty paid by mining-lease holders.

Revised PMKKKY guidelines issued in January 2024 require at least 70% of funds to be used in high-priority sectors such as drinking water, health, education, environment protection, sanitation, housing, skills, livelihoods, agriculture and welfare of vulnerable groups.

Prelims Facts

• PMKKKY was launched on 17 September 2015.
• It is implemented through District Mineral Foundations.
• DMFs were introduced through the 2015 amendment to the MMDR Act, 1957.
• Mining leases granted on or after 12 January 2015 contribute 10% of royalty to DMF.
• Older mining leases contribute 30% of royalty to DMF.
• At least 70% of PMKKKY funds are to be used in high-priority sectors.
• More than 4.70 lakh projects worth over ₹1 lakh crore have been sanctioned.
• More than 2.92 lakh projects had been completed by July 2026.

GS Mapping

GS3: Mining and Inclusive Development

News Item

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment reported that ₹15,555.53 crore had been released under different PM-YASASVI components from 2014-15 to 2025-26. The umbrella supports students from OBC, EBC and Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic communities through scholarships, hostels and Top Class Education.

Background

The scheme includes Pre-Matric Scholarship, Post-Matric Scholarship, hostel construction for OBC boys and girls, Top Class Education in Schools and Top Class Education in Colleges.

From 2014-15 to 2025-26, the Pre-Matric component received ₹2,163.15 crore for 642.58 lakh beneficiaries, while the Post-Matric component received ₹12,118.75 crore and benefited 425.66 lakh students. Hostel support created 28,865 seats with ₹346.79 crore.

Top Class Education in Schools, operating from 2022-23, benefited 45,228 students. The college component, operating from 2023-24, benefited 37,937 students up to 2025-26.

Prelims Facts

• Total releases under different components were ₹15,555.53 crore from 2014-15 to 2025-26.
• More than 1,069 lakh students and beneficiaries received support according to the Ministry.
• 28,865 hostel seats were created over the period cited.
• Top Class Education in Schools started in 2022-23.
• Top Class Education in Colleges started in 2023-24.

GS Mapping

GS2: Social Justice and Education

News Item

The Department of Rural Development and the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority signed an MoU to create a community-based network of Pension Sakhis. The initiative will use the DAY-NRLM community network to improve pension awareness, financial literacy, enrolment and post-enrolment support in rural areas.

Background

DAY-NRLM organises rural women into Self-Help Groups and community institutions. The Pension Sakhi initiative will draw on this network, including Banking Correspondent Sakhis and trained community resource persons, to take pension services closer to households.

Prelims Facts

• The initiative is a partnership between the Department of Rural Development and PFRDA.
• Pension Sakhis will use the DAY-NRLM community network.
• Banking Correspondent Sakhis are part of the wider community network.
• The initiative covers awareness, financial literacy, enrolment and post-enrolment support.

GS Mapping

GS2: Welfare and Financial Inclusion

News Item

The Union Environment Minister inaugurated a Soft Release Centre for the Great Indian Bustard at Naliya in Kachchh, Gujarat. The centre is designed to support conservation, monitoring and gradual adaptation of captive-bred or managed birds to the natural environment.

Background

The Great Indian Bustard, Ardeotis nigriceps, is one of the world’s rarest birds and is listed as Critically Endangered. It receives the highest legal protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Its remaining populations are concentrated mainly in arid and semi-arid grassland landscapes, especially Rajasthan and Gujarat. Major threats include habitat loss, fragmentation and collision with overhead power lines.

The Kachchh programme also includes grassland restoration, predator-proof fencing and a conservation-breeding intervention. During the same visit, mangrove restoration under MISHTI was reviewed at Jakhau.

Prelims Facts

• The GIB Soft Release Centre was inaugurated at Naliya in Kachchh, Gujarat.
• Great Indian Bustard is scientifically known as Ardeotis nigriceps.
• It is Critically Endangered.
• It is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
• Around 11 sq. km of Prosopis juliflora-infested grassland has been restored in the Kachchh GIB landscape.
• MISHTI focuses on mangrove restoration.
• Avicennia marina was planted at Jakhau Mangrove Nursery.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Saving the Great Indian Bustard requires more than captive breeding. Habitat restoration, power-line mitigation, community participation and landscape-level grassland management are essential for long-term recovery.

GS Mapping

GS3: Environment and Biodiversity

News Item

A Government backgrounder released on 13 September 2026 highlighted the Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Domestic PNG Connections, which seeks to accelerate the activation and expansion of household Piped Natural Gas connections. The scheme was launched on 18 August 2026 and came into effect from 1 September 2026.

Background

Domestic PNG is supplied through City Gas Distribution (CGD) networks. These networks provide natural gas to households, commercial establishments, industries and transport fuel stations.

The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board has authorised CGD entities in 309 Geographical Areas covering mainland India. As of 18 August 2026, India had 1.74 crore domestic PNG connections.

The incentive scheme rewards CGD entities for adding active billed household connections above a specified threshold. For each eligible incremental connection, an additional allocation of 200 Standard Cubic Metres of domestically produced APM gas is provided.

Prelims Facts

• The Domestic PNG incentive scheme was launched on 18 August 2026.
• It became effective from 1 September 2026.
• India had 1.74 crore domestic PNG connections as of 18 August 2026.
• PNGRB-authorised entities operate across 309 Geographical Areas.
• Eligible CGD entities receive an additional 200 SCM of APM gas for each qualifying incremental connection.
• The scheme operates in two tranches over six months.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Expanding PNG can support cleaner household energy and reduce logistical dependence on cylinder delivery in urban areas. Its success will depend on pipeline infrastructure, household conversion rates, rational taxation and the commercial viability of CGD networks.

GS Mapping

GS3: Energy and Infrastructure

News Item

The Government has approved 18.77 lakh houses under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban 2.0. At the ninth meeting of the Central Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee, around 29,000 additional houses were approved under the Beneficiary-Led Construction and Affordable Housing in Partnership verticals.

Background

PMAY-U 2.0 was approved by the Union Cabinet in August 2024 and came into effect from 1 September 2024. It aims to support one crore additional urban poor and middle-class families over five years for construction, purchase or rental of affordable housing.

The scheme has four verticals:

• Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC)
• Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP)
• Affordable Rental Housing (ARH)
• Interest Subsidy Scheme (ISS)

Government assistance of ₹2.30 lakh crore is envisaged within an overall investment of ₹10 lakh crore.

Prelims Facts

• PMAY-U 2.0 came into effect on 1 September 2024.
• It targets one crore additional eligible urban beneficiaries over five years.
• It has four verticals: BLC, AHP, ARH and ISS.
• Government assistance of ₹2.30 lakh crore is envisaged.
• Total investment under the scheme is estimated at ₹10 lakh crore.
• The latest approvals under PMAY-U 2.0 have reached 18.77 lakh houses.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• Urban housing policy increasingly has to address not only home ownership but also rental housing, migrant workers and affordability. Effective implementation requires land availability, urban infrastructure, financing and coordination with States and Urban Local Bodies.

GS Mapping

GS2: Welfare Schemes and Urbanisation

News Item

Operational Guidelines for DILRMP 3.0 have been launched to move land administration from isolated digitisation toward an integrated digital system. The programme will cover all States and Union Territories and focus on GIS-enabled, interoperable land information.

Background

The Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme aims to modernise land records and improve transparency and citizen access. DILRMP 3.0 covers 2026–2031, is a Central Sector Scheme and has an anticipated outlay of ₹565.50 crore.

Prelims Facts

• DILRMP 3.0 covers the period 2026–2031.
• It is a Central Sector Scheme.
• The anticipated financial outlay is ₹565.50 crore.
• It is to be implemented across all States and Union Territories.
• The new phase focuses on a GIS-enabled Land Stack and system interoperability.

GS Mapping

GS2: Governance

News Item

The National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), under the Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY), has officially integrated its NIELIT Digital University (NDU) platform with the digital learning resources of Saylor Academy (USA). This collaboration aims to provide Indian learners with free, self-paced, globally relevant courses in AI, programming, and data science.

Background

The push for democratizing digital education is a core component of the Digital India initiative and the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. NIELIT acts as the premier capacity-building arm of the government in Information, Electronics & Communications Technology (IECT). The NIELIT Digital University (NDU) is designed to offer accessible, on-demand skilling and upskilling opportunities, particularly reaching learners in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities. Saylor Academy is a non-profit initiative based in the US that offers free, open-source online education. By aggregating global content on an Indian platform, the government is focusing on creating a future-ready, globally competitive workforce capable of navigating the rapidly evolving tech landscape.

Prelims Facts

• Parent Ministry for NIELIT: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).
• International Partner: Saylor Academy/University (United States).
• Objective: To democratize access to high-quality, free digital education (AI, Data Science, Cyber Security) via the NDU platform.
• Key Domestic MoU Partners: NIELIT also exchanged MoUs with CII, NASSCOM, Pearson India, and Dassault Systèmes to strengthen industry-academia linkages.

GS Mapping

GS2: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources; GS3: Awareness in the fields of IT, Computers.

News Item

The Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports has announced the Maharashtra State Edition of the Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue (VBYLD) 2027. This dynamic platform empowers youth aged 15 to 29 years to share innovative ideas for India's development, with top participants earning the rare opportunity to present their vision directly to the Prime Minister at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

Background

The VBYLD is a modernised, intellectual restructuring of the traditional National Youth Festival, which has historically been held to commemorate the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda. By shifting the focus from purely cultural exchange to merit-based policy innovation and leadership, the initiative strongly aligns with the government's grand vision of Viksit Bharat @2047—transforming India into a fully developed nation by its 100th year of independence.

Prelims Facts

• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (via the MY Bharat portal).
• Target Demographic: Youth aged strictly between 15 and 29 years.
• Historical Link: Replaces the format of the National Youth Festival held annually around January 12 (National Youth Day).
• Final Destination: Selected state-level candidates will present at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.

GS Mapping

GS2: Government Policies and Interventions for Development in various sectors; Issues arising out of their design and implementation.

News Item

A government review of the PM SHRI Scheme reported that 13,092 schools had been selected by July 2026, reaching around 90% of the scheme's envisaged target. The schools are intended to demonstrate implementation of the National Education Policy 2020.

Background

Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI) was launched on 7 September 2022.

It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education.

The scheme aims to strengthen more than 14,500 existing schools as exemplar institutions and has a total project cost of ₹27,360 crore for 2022–23 to 2026–27.

Prelims Facts

• PM SHRI was launched on 7 September 2022.
• It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
• It seeks to develop more than 14,500 exemplar schools.
• The total project cost is ₹27,360 crore.
• The implementation period is 2022–23 to 2026–27.
• 13,092 schools had been selected by July 2026.
• Selection follows a three-stage Challenge Mode.

GS Mapping

GS2: Education

News Item

In a major boost to skill development, the government has approved ₹735.70 crore under the PM-SETU scheme to transform Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) into modern, industry-ready hubs in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Telangana. Notably, Rajasthan became the first state in India to sign a formal agreement to kickstart this initiative.

Background

The Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) were established in 1950 under the Craftsmen Training Scheme to ensure a steady flow of skilled workers. Today, India is leveraging its demographic dividend by comprehensively upgrading these institutes. The PM-SETU scheme bridges the critical gap between traditional vocational training and modern industry demands (like AI, robotics, and advanced manufacturing) by adopting a collaborative cluster model with active private sector partnership.

Prelims Facts

• Approved Clusters: Bhiwadi (Rajasthan), Medchal (Telangana), and Meerut (Uttar Pradesh).
• Total Investment: The scheme’s total approved investment has now reached ₹2,171 crore across 9 ITI clusters nationwide.
• Implementation Milestone: Rajasthan is the first state to formally sign the Shareholder Agreement (SHA) for the Bhiwadi ITI cluster.
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship.

GS Mapping

GS2: Government Policies & Interventions | GS3: Employment & Skill Development