Daily Study Sheet

Current Affairs

2026-09-14
Change Date2026-09-14
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Saved notes Practice today's questions
Lead Issueप्रमुख विषय
Economy · Lead 1
August Inflation Data Show CPI at 4.82% and WPI at 9.92%
India’s retail inflation based on the Consumer Price Index rose to 4.82% in August 2026 from 4.45% in July, while Consumer Food Price Index inflation stood at 5.95%. Wholesale Price …

Exam Points

  • CPI inflation for August 2026 was 4.82%.
  • Rural CPI inflation was 5.23% and urban CPI inflation was 4.31%.
  • Consumer Food Price Index inflation was 5.95%.
  • WPI inflation for August 2026 was 9.92%.
  • CPI currently uses base year 2024.
  • WPI currently uses base year 2022-23.
  • RBI’s inflation-targeting framework is based on CPI inflation.
GS3: Economy

News Item

India’s retail inflation based on the Consumer Price Index rose to 4.82% in August 2026 from 4.45% in July, while Consumer Food Price Index inflation stood at 5.95%. Wholesale Price Index inflation also rose to 9.92% from 9.78% in July.

Background

CPI measures changes in retail prices faced by consumers and is compiled by the National Statistical Office under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The current CPI series uses 2024 as its base year.

WPI tracks price changes mainly at the wholesale or producer level for goods and commodities. It is released by the Office of the Economic Adviser under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The current WPI series uses 2022-23 as its base year.

The Reserve Bank of India uses CPI inflation as the headline measure for its inflation-targeting framework.

Prelims Facts

  • CPI inflation for August 2026 was 4.82%.
  • Rural CPI inflation was 5.23% and urban CPI inflation was 4.31%.
  • Consumer Food Price Index inflation was 5.95%.
  • WPI inflation for August 2026 was 9.92%.
  • CPI currently uses base year 2024.
  • WPI currently uses base year 2022-23.
  • RBI’s inflation-targeting framework is based on CPI inflation.
Mains Focus & Analysis
  • The simultaneous rise in retail and wholesale inflation points to persistent price pressures. Policymakers must balance inflation control with growth while watching food prices, fuel costs and imported commodity inflation.

GS Mapping

GS3: Economy

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements: 1. CPI is used as the headline inflation measure under India’s inflation-targeting framework. 2. India’s WPI includes services along with goods. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: A
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. CPI inflation is the headline measure used by the RBI under the inflation-targeting framework. Statement 2 is incorrect because India’s WPI covers goods and does not include services.
अगस्त में CPI 4.82% और WPI 9.92% दर्ज
भारत में Consumer Price Index आधारित retail inflation अगस्त 2026 में बढ़कर 4.82% हो गई, जो जुलाई में 4.45% थी। Consumer Food Price Index inflation 5.95% रही। Wholesale Price Index …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • अगस्त 2026 में CPI inflation 4.82% रही।
  • Rural CPI inflation 5.23% और urban CPI inflation 4.31% रही।
  • Consumer Food Price Index inflation 5.95% रही।
  • अगस्त 2026 में WPI inflation 9.92% रही।
  • CPI का वर्तमान base year 2024 है।
  • WPI का वर्तमान base year 2022-23 है।
  • RBI का inflation-targeting framework CPI inflation पर आधारित है।
GS3: अर्थव्यवस्था

समाचार

भारत में Consumer Price Index आधारित retail inflation अगस्त 2026 में बढ़कर 4.82% हो गई, जो जुलाई में 4.45% थी। Consumer Food Price Index inflation 5.95% रही। Wholesale Price Index inflation भी जुलाई के 9.78% से बढ़कर 9.92% हो गई।

पृष्ठभूमि

CPI consumers द्वारा चुकाई जाने वाली retail prices में बदलाव को मापता है और इसे Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation के अंतर्गत National Statistical Office तैयार करता है। वर्तमान CPI series का base year 2024 है।

WPI मुख्यतः goods और commodities की wholesale या producer-level prices में बदलाव को मापता है। इसे Ministry of Commerce and Industry के Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade के अंतर्गत Office of the Economic Adviser जारी करता है। वर्तमान WPI series का base year 2022-23 है।

Reserve Bank of India inflation-targeting framework में CPI inflation को headline measure के रूप में उपयोग करता है।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • अगस्त 2026 में CPI inflation 4.82% रही।
  • Rural CPI inflation 5.23% और urban CPI inflation 4.31% रही।
  • Consumer Food Price Index inflation 5.95% रही।
  • अगस्त 2026 में WPI inflation 9.92% रही।
  • CPI का वर्तमान base year 2024 है।
  • WPI का वर्तमान base year 2022-23 है।
  • RBI का inflation-targeting framework CPI inflation पर आधारित है।
मुख्य परीक्षा दृष्टिकोण (विश्लेषण)
  • Retail और wholesale inflation में एक साथ वृद्धि persistent price pressures की ओर संकेत करती है। Policymakers को growth और inflation control के बीच संतुलन रखते हुए food prices, fuel costs और imported commodity inflation पर नजर रखनी होगी।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS3: अर्थव्यवस्था

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. भारत के inflation-targeting framework में CPI को headline inflation measure के रूप में उपयोग किया जाता है। 2. भारत के WPI में goods के साथ services भी शामिल होती हैं। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: A
व्याख्या: कथन 1 सही है। RBI inflation-targeting framework में CPI inflation का उपयोग करता है। कथन 2 गलत है क्योंकि भारत का WPI goods को cover करता है, services को नहीं।
Second Leadदूसरा प्रमुख विषय
International Relations · Lead 2
India and MERCOSUR Move Toward Paperless Preferential Trade
India and MERCOSUR signed the First Additional Protocol to their Preferential Trade Agreement to allow electronic Certificates of Origin. The move is intended to modernise customs procedures, reduce processing time …

Exam Points

  • India and MERCOSUR signed the First Additional Protocol on 14 September 2026.
  • The protocol concerns electronic Certificates of Origin.
  • The India-MERCOSUR PTA was signed in 2004.
  • The PTA entered into force in 2009.
  • India provides preferences on 450 tariff lines under the PTA.
  • MERCOSUR provides preferences on 452 tariff lines.
  • MERCOSUR was established through the Treaty of Asunción in 1991.
GS2: International Relations; GS3: Economy

News Item

India and MERCOSUR signed the First Additional Protocol to their Preferential Trade Agreement to allow electronic Certificates of Origin. The move is intended to modernise customs procedures, reduce processing time and support paperless preferential trade.

Background

The India-MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement was signed on 25 January 2004 and entered into force on 1 June 2009. India provides tariff preferences on 450 tariff lines and MERCOSUR on 452 tariff lines under the agreement.

MERCOSUR is a South American regional integration bloc established through the Treaty of Asunción in 1991. Its founding States Parties are Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Bolivia is also a State Party, while Venezuela remains suspended from its rights and obligations as a State Party.

An electronic Certificate of Origin proves that a product qualifies as originating from a particular country or trading bloc and can therefore receive preferential tariff treatment where applicable.

Prelims Facts

  • India and MERCOSUR signed the First Additional Protocol on 14 September 2026.
  • The protocol concerns electronic Certificates of Origin.
  • The India-MERCOSUR PTA was signed in 2004.
  • The PTA entered into force in 2009.
  • India provides preferences on 450 tariff lines under the PTA.
  • MERCOSUR provides preferences on 452 tariff lines.
  • MERCOSUR was established through the Treaty of Asunción in 1991.
Mains Focus & Analysis
  • Digitising Certificates of Origin can reduce transaction costs, speed customs verification and improve utilisation of preferential trade agreements. It also supports wider trade-facilitation efforts between India and Latin America.

GS Mapping

GS2: International Relations; GS3: Economy

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the India-MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement: 1. It entered into force in 2009. 2. The 2026 First Additional Protocol provides for electronic Certificates of Origin. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. The PTA entered into force on 1 June 2009, and the new protocol facilitates electronic Certificates of Origin.
India और MERCOSUR ने paperless preferential trade की दिशा में कदम बढ़ाया
India और MERCOSUR ने अपने Preferential Trade Agreement के First Additional Protocol पर हस्ताक्षर किए, जिससे electronic Certificates of Origin को मान्यता मिलेगी। इसका उद्देश्य customs procedures को modernise करना, …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • India और MERCOSUR ने First Additional Protocol पर 14 सितंबर 2026 को हस्ताक्षर किए।
  • Protocol electronic Certificates of Origin से संबंधित है।
  • India-MERCOSUR PTA पर 2004 में हस्ताक्षर हुए।
  • PTA 2009 में लागू हुआ।
  • India PTA के तहत 450 tariff lines पर preferences देता है।
  • MERCOSUR 452 tariff lines पर preferences देता है।
  • MERCOSUR की स्थापना 1991 में Treaty of Asunción से हुई।
GS2: अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध; GS3: अर्थव्यवस्था

समाचार

India और MERCOSUR ने अपने Preferential Trade Agreement के First Additional Protocol पर हस्ताक्षर किए, जिससे electronic Certificates of Origin को मान्यता मिलेगी। इसका उद्देश्य customs procedures को modernise करना, processing time कम करना और paperless preferential trade को बढ़ावा देना है।

पृष्ठभूमि

India-MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement पर 25 जनवरी 2004 को हस्ताक्षर हुए और यह 1 जून 2009 से लागू हुआ। Agreement के तहत India 450 tariff lines और MERCOSUR 452 tariff lines पर tariff preferences देता है।

MERCOSUR South America का regional integration bloc है जिसकी स्थापना 1991 में Treaty of Asunción के माध्यम से हुई। इसके founding States Parties Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay और Uruguay हैं। Bolivia भी State Party है, जबकि Venezuela के State Party rights और obligations suspended हैं।

Electronic Certificate of Origin यह प्रमाणित करता है कि कोई product किसी विशेष country या trading bloc में originate हुआ है और applicable होने पर preferential tariff treatment के लिए eligible है।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • India और MERCOSUR ने First Additional Protocol पर 14 सितंबर 2026 को हस्ताक्षर किए।
  • Protocol electronic Certificates of Origin से संबंधित है।
  • India-MERCOSUR PTA पर 2004 में हस्ताक्षर हुए।
  • PTA 2009 में लागू हुआ।
  • India PTA के तहत 450 tariff lines पर preferences देता है।
  • MERCOSUR 452 tariff lines पर preferences देता है।
  • MERCOSUR की स्थापना 1991 में Treaty of Asunción से हुई।
मुख्य परीक्षा दृष्टिकोण (विश्लेषण)
  • Certificates of Origin का digitisation transaction costs कम कर सकता है, customs verification तेज कर सकता है और preferential trade agreements के utilisation को बेहतर बना सकता है। यह India और Latin America के बीच broader trade facilitation को भी support करता है।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS2: अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध; GS3: अर्थव्यवस्था

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. India-MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. यह 2009 में लागू हुआ। 2. 2026 का First Additional Protocol electronic Certificates of Origin का प्रावधान करता है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। PTA 1 जून 2009 को लागू हुआ और नया protocol electronic Certificates of Origin को facilitate करता है।
Major Notesप्रमुख नोट्स
Environment and Ecology · Major Note
Great Indian Bustard Soft Release Centre Inaugurated in Kachchh
The Union Environment Minister inaugurated a Soft Release Centre for the Great Indian Bustard at Naliya in Kachchh, Gujarat. The centre is designed to support conservation, monitoring and gradual adaptation …

Exam Points

  • The GIB Soft Release Centre was inaugurated at Naliya in Kachchh, Gujarat.
  • Great Indian Bustard is scientifically known as Ardeotis nigriceps.
  • It is Critically Endangered.
  • It is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
  • Around 11 sq. km of Prosopis juliflora-infested grassland has been restored in the Kachchh GIB landscape.
  • MISHTI focuses on mangrove restoration.
  • Avicennia marina was planted at Jakhau Mangrove Nursery.
GS3: Environment and Biodiversity

News Item

The Union Environment Minister inaugurated a Soft Release Centre for the Great Indian Bustard at Naliya in Kachchh, Gujarat. The centre is designed to support conservation, monitoring and gradual adaptation of captive-bred or managed birds to the natural environment.

Background

The Great Indian Bustard, Ardeotis nigriceps, is one of the world’s rarest birds and is listed as Critically Endangered. It receives the highest legal protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Its remaining populations are concentrated mainly in arid and semi-arid grassland landscapes, especially Rajasthan and Gujarat. Major threats include habitat loss, fragmentation and collision with overhead power lines.

The Kachchh programme also includes grassland restoration, predator-proof fencing and a conservation-breeding intervention. During the same visit, mangrove restoration under MISHTI was reviewed at Jakhau.

Prelims Facts

  • The GIB Soft Release Centre was inaugurated at Naliya in Kachchh, Gujarat.
  • Great Indian Bustard is scientifically known as Ardeotis nigriceps.
  • It is Critically Endangered.
  • It is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
  • Around 11 sq. km of Prosopis juliflora-infested grassland has been restored in the Kachchh GIB landscape.
  • MISHTI focuses on mangrove restoration.
  • Avicennia marina was planted at Jakhau Mangrove Nursery.
Mains Focus & Analysis
  • Saving the Great Indian Bustard requires more than captive breeding. Habitat restoration, power-line mitigation, community participation and landscape-level grassland management are essential for long-term recovery.

GS Mapping

GS3: Environment and Biodiversity

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the Great Indian Bustard: 1. It is a bird of open grassland and semi-arid habitats. 2. It is listed as Critically Endangered. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. The Great Indian Bustard is adapted to open arid and semi-arid grasslands and is classified as Critically Endangered.
Kachchh में Great Indian Bustard Soft Release Centre का उद्घाटन
Union Environment Minister ने Gujarat के Kachchh स्थित Naliya में Great Indian Bustard के लिए Soft Release Centre का उद्घाटन किया। Centre conservation, monitoring और managed birds को natural environment …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • GIB Soft Release Centre Gujarat के Kachchh में Naliya में inaugurate किया गया।
  • Great Indian Bustard का scientific name Ardeotis nigriceps है।
  • यह Critically Endangered है।
  • यह Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 के Schedule I के तहत protected है।
  • Kachchh GIB landscape में लगभग 11 sq. km Prosopis juliflora-infested grassland restore किया गया है।
  • MISHTI mangrove restoration पर focus करता है।
  • Jakhau Mangrove Nursery में Avicennia marina लगाया गया।
GS3: पर्यावरण एवं जैव विविधता

समाचार

Union Environment Minister ने Gujarat के Kachchh स्थित Naliya में Great Indian Bustard के लिए Soft Release Centre का उद्घाटन किया। Centre conservation, monitoring और managed birds को natural environment में gradual adaptation देने के लिए बनाया गया है।

पृष्ठभूमि

Great Indian Bustard, Ardeotis nigriceps, दुनिया के rarest birds में से एक है और Critically Endangered category में listed है। इसे Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 के Schedule I के तहत highest legal protection प्राप्त है।

इसकी remaining populations मुख्यतः arid और semi-arid grassland landscapes, विशेषकर Rajasthan और Gujarat में केंद्रित हैं। Major threats में habitat loss, fragmentation और overhead power lines से collision शामिल हैं।

Kachchh programme में grassland restoration, predator-proof fencing और conservation-breeding intervention भी शामिल हैं। इसी visit के दौरान Jakhau में MISHTI के तहत mangrove restoration की समीक्षा की गई।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • GIB Soft Release Centre Gujarat के Kachchh में Naliya में inaugurate किया गया।
  • Great Indian Bustard का scientific name Ardeotis nigriceps है।
  • यह Critically Endangered है।
  • यह Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 के Schedule I के तहत protected है।
  • Kachchh GIB landscape में लगभग 11 sq. km Prosopis juliflora-infested grassland restore किया गया है।
  • MISHTI mangrove restoration पर focus करता है।
  • Jakhau Mangrove Nursery में Avicennia marina लगाया गया।
मुख्य परीक्षा दृष्टिकोण (विश्लेषण)
  • Great Indian Bustard को बचाने के लिए केवल captive breeding पर्याप्त नहीं है। Long-term recovery के लिए habitat restoration, power-line mitigation, community participation और landscape-level grassland management जरूरी हैं।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS3: पर्यावरण एवं जैव विविधता

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. Great Indian Bustard के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. यह open grassland और semi-arid habitats का bird है। 2. यह Critically Endangered category में listed है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। Great Indian Bustard open arid और semi-arid grasslands के लिए adapted है और Critically Endangered category में classified है।
Sports · Major Note
India Win Record Eighth Women’s Asia Cup Title
India defeated Sri Lanka by 72 runs in the Women’s Asia Cup 2026 final in Dubai to win a record-extending eighth title. India scored 183 for 5 before dismissing Sri …

Exam Points

  • India won the Women’s Asia Cup 2026.
  • Sri Lanka were runners-up.
  • The final was played in Dubai.
  • India won the final by 72 runs.
  • India’s total was 183 for 5.
  • Sri Lanka were dismissed for 111.
  • This was India’s eighth Women’s Asia Cup title.
GS2: Sports and Social Development

News Item

India defeated Sri Lanka by 72 runs in the Women’s Asia Cup 2026 final in Dubai to win a record-extending eighth title. India scored 183 for 5 before dismissing Sri Lanka for 111.

Background

The Women’s Asia Cup is organised under the Asian Cricket Council framework and has been played in ODI and T20 formats. India has been the most successful team in the competition.

In the 2026 final, Shafali Verma scored 68 and Smriti Mandhana 59. Their 129-run opening stand became the highest partnership for any wicket in Women’s T20 Asia Cup history. Sree Charani took four wickets as India completed a dominant win.

Prelims Facts

  • India won the Women’s Asia Cup 2026.
  • Sri Lanka were runners-up.
  • The final was played in Dubai.
  • India won the final by 72 runs.
  • India’s total was 183 for 5.
  • Sri Lanka were dismissed for 111.
  • This was India’s eighth Women’s Asia Cup title.
Mains Focus & Analysis
  • The title reinforces the depth and consistency of Indian women’s cricket and adds momentum to the wider expansion of women’s professional sport in India.

GS Mapping

GS2: Sports and Social Development

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Which team did India defeat in the final to win the Women’s Asia Cup 2026?
Answer: C
Explanation: India defeated Sri Lanka by 72 runs in the final in Dubai to win a record-extending eighth Women’s Asia Cup title.
India ने record आठवां Women’s Asia Cup title जीता
India ने Dubai में Women’s Asia Cup 2026 final में Sri Lanka को 72 runs से हराकर record आठवां title जीता। India ने 183/5 बनाए और Sri Lanka को 111 …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • India ने Women’s Asia Cup 2026 जीता।
  • Sri Lanka runners-up रहा।
  • Final Dubai में खेला गया।
  • India ने final 72 runs से जीता।
  • India का total 183/5 था।
  • Sri Lanka 111 runs पर all out हुआ।
  • यह India का आठवां Women’s Asia Cup title था।
GS2: खेल एवं सामाजिक विकास

समाचार

India ने Dubai में Women’s Asia Cup 2026 final में Sri Lanka को 72 runs से हराकर record आठवां title जीता। India ने 183/5 बनाए और Sri Lanka को 111 runs पर dismiss कर दिया।

पृष्ठभूमि

Women’s Asia Cup Asian Cricket Council framework के तहत आयोजित continental cricket competition है और इसे ODI तथा T20 formats में खेला गया है। India competition की most successful team रही है।

2026 final में Shafali Verma ने 68 और Smriti Mandhana ने 59 runs बनाए। उनकी 129-run opening stand Women’s T20 Asia Cup history में किसी भी wicket के लिए highest partnership बनी। Sree Charani ने four wickets लिए।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • India ने Women’s Asia Cup 2026 जीता।
  • Sri Lanka runners-up रहा।
  • Final Dubai में खेला गया।
  • India ने final 72 runs से जीता।
  • India का total 183/5 था।
  • Sri Lanka 111 runs पर all out हुआ।
  • यह India का आठवां Women’s Asia Cup title था।
मुख्य परीक्षा दृष्टिकोण (विश्लेषण)
  • यह title Indian women’s cricket की depth और consistency को दर्शाता है और India में women’s professional sport के wider expansion को momentum देता है।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS2: खेल एवं सामाजिक विकास

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. Women’s Asia Cup 2026 जीतने के लिए India ने final में किस team को हराया?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: India ने Dubai में final में Sri Lanka को 72 runs से हराकर record आठवां Women’s Asia Cup title जीता।
History, Art and Culture · Major Note
Hindi Diwas 2026 Marks Constitutional and Cultural Legacy
Hindi Diwas was observed across India on 14 September 2026. The 6th All India Official Language Conference was held in Mumbai, where Rajbhasha awards for 2025-26 were presented for notable …

Exam Points

  • Hindi Diwas is observed on 14 September.
  • The Constituent Assembly adopted Hindi as the Official Language of the Union on 14 September 1949.
  • Article 343 deals with the Official Language of the Union.
  • Hindi is specified in Devanagari script.
  • Article 351 concerns promotion and development of Hindi.
  • The Department of Official Language functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
  • The 6th All India Official Language Conference was held in Mumbai in 2026.
GS2: Constitution; GS1: Indian Culture

News Item

Hindi Diwas was observed across India on 14 September 2026. The 6th All India Official Language Conference was held in Mumbai, where Rajbhasha awards for 2025-26 were presented for notable implementation of Official Language Hindi.

Background

The Constituent Assembly adopted Hindi in Devanagari script as the Official Language of the Union on 14 September 1949. This date is commemorated annually as Hindi Diwas.

Article 343 of the Constitution provides that the Official Language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script and that the form of numerals for Union official purposes shall be the international form of Indian numerals.

Article 351 places a duty on the Union to promote the spread and development of Hindi while drawing upon the forms, styles and expressions of other Indian languages.

The Department of Official Language was established in 1975 under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Prelims Facts

  • Hindi Diwas is observed on 14 September.
  • The Constituent Assembly adopted Hindi as the Official Language of the Union on 14 September 1949.
  • Article 343 deals with the Official Language of the Union.
  • Hindi is specified in Devanagari script.
  • Article 351 concerns promotion and development of Hindi.
  • The Department of Official Language functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
  • The 6th All India Official Language Conference was held in Mumbai in 2026.
Mains Focus & Analysis
  • India’s language policy seeks to balance promotion of Hindi with protection of linguistic diversity. The constitutional framework therefore combines the official-language provisions with recognition of India’s multilingual character.

GS Mapping

GS2: Constitution; GS1: Indian Culture

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements: 1. Article 343 provides that the Official Language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. 2. Article 351 deals with promotion and development of Hindi. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. Article 343 specifies the Official Language of the Union, while Article 351 directs the Union to promote and develop Hindi.
Hindi Diwas 2026 ने संवैधानिक और सांस्कृतिक विरासत को रेखांकित किया
14 सितंबर 2026 को पूरे भारत में Hindi Diwas मनाया गया। Mumbai में 6th All India Official Language Conference आयोजित हुई, जहां Official Language Hindi के उल्लेखनीय implementation के लिए …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • Hindi Diwas 14 सितंबर को मनाया जाता है।
  • Constituent Assembly ने 14 सितंबर 1949 को Hindi को Union की Official Language के रूप में अपनाया।
  • Article 343 Union की Official Language से संबंधित है।
  • Hindi के लिए Devanagari script specified है।
  • Article 351 Hindi के promotion और development से संबंधित है।
  • Department of Official Language Ministry of Home Affairs के अंतर्गत कार्य करता है।
  • 2026 में 6th All India Official Language Conference Mumbai में आयोजित हुई।
GS2: संविधान; GS1: भारतीय संस्कृति

समाचार

14 सितंबर 2026 को पूरे भारत में Hindi Diwas मनाया गया। Mumbai में 6th All India Official Language Conference आयोजित हुई, जहां Official Language Hindi के उल्लेखनीय implementation के लिए 2025-26 के Rajbhasha awards प्रदान किए गए।

पृष्ठभूमि

Constituent Assembly ने 14 सितंबर 1949 को Hindi in Devanagari script को Union की Official Language के रूप में अपनाया। इसी date की स्मृति में हर वर्ष Hindi Diwas मनाया जाता है।

Article 343 के अनुसार Union की Official Language Hindi in Devanagari script है और Union के official purposes के लिए international form of Indian numerals का प्रावधान है।

Article 351 Union को Hindi के spread और development को promote करने का दायित्व देता है तथा अन्य Indian languages की forms, styles और expressions से इसे enrich करने की बात करता है।

Department of Official Language की स्थापना 1975 में Ministry of Home Affairs के तहत हुई।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • Hindi Diwas 14 सितंबर को मनाया जाता है।
  • Constituent Assembly ने 14 सितंबर 1949 को Hindi को Union की Official Language के रूप में अपनाया।
  • Article 343 Union की Official Language से संबंधित है।
  • Hindi के लिए Devanagari script specified है।
  • Article 351 Hindi के promotion और development से संबंधित है।
  • Department of Official Language Ministry of Home Affairs के अंतर्गत कार्य करता है।
  • 2026 में 6th All India Official Language Conference Mumbai में आयोजित हुई।
मुख्य परीक्षा दृष्टिकोण (विश्लेषण)
  • भारत की language policy Hindi के promotion और linguistic diversity के protection के बीच संतुलन का प्रयास करती है। इसलिए constitutional framework Official Language provisions के साथ India के multilingual character को भी मान्यता देता है।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS2: संविधान; GS1: भारतीय संस्कृति

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. Article 343 के अनुसार Union की Official Language Hindi in Devanagari script है। 2. Article 351 Hindi के promotion और development से संबंधित है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। Article 343 Union की Official Language से संबंधित है, जबकि Article 351 Union को Hindi के promotion और development का दायित्व देता है।
Brief Newsसंक्षिप्त समाचार
Sports · Brief
Dhiraj Bommadevara Wins Historic Recurve World Cup Final Gold
Indian archer Dhiraj Bommadevara became the first Indian male recurve archer to win gold at the Archery World Cup Final. He defeated Japan’s Nakanishi Junya in a shoot-off at Saltillo, …

Exam Points

  • Dhiraj Bommadevara won gold at the Archery World Cup Final.
  • He became the first Indian male recurve archer to achieve this feat.
  • The event was held in Saltillo, Mexico.
  • He defeated Nakanishi Junya of Japan.
  • Recurve archery is an Olympic archery discipline.
GS2: Sports

News Item

Indian archer Dhiraj Bommadevara became the first Indian male recurve archer to win gold at the Archery World Cup Final. He defeated Japan’s Nakanishi Junya in a shoot-off at Saltillo, Mexico.

Background

Recurve archery is the Olympic form of target archery. The World Cup Final brings together leading performers from the international World Cup circuit.

Bommadevara won the final 6-5 after the match reached a 5-5 tie. He prevailed 10-9 in the deciding shoot-off and ended a 16-year wait for an Indian male recurve archer to win a medal at the event.

Prelims Facts

  • Dhiraj Bommadevara won gold at the Archery World Cup Final.
  • He became the first Indian male recurve archer to achieve this feat.
  • The event was held in Saltillo, Mexico.
  • He defeated Nakanishi Junya of Japan.
  • Recurve archery is an Olympic archery discipline.

GS Mapping

GS2: Sports

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Dhiraj Bommadevara made history in September 2026 in which sport?
Answer: B
Explanation: Dhiraj Bommadevara became the first Indian male recurve archer to win gold at the Archery World Cup Final.
Dhiraj Bommadevara ने historic Recurve World Cup Final gold जीता
Indian archer Dhiraj Bommadevara Archery World Cup Final में gold जीतने वाले पहले Indian male recurve archer बने। उन्होंने Saltillo, Mexico में Japan के Nakanishi Junya को shoot-off में हराया।

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • Dhiraj Bommadevara ने Archery World Cup Final gold जीता।
  • वे यह उपलब्धि हासिल करने वाले पहले Indian male recurve archer बने।
  • Event Saltillo, Mexico में आयोजित हुआ।
  • उन्होंने Japan के Nakanishi Junya को हराया।
  • Recurve archery Olympic archery discipline है।
GS2: खेल

समाचार

Indian archer Dhiraj Bommadevara Archery World Cup Final में gold जीतने वाले पहले Indian male recurve archer बने। उन्होंने Saltillo, Mexico में Japan के Nakanishi Junya को shoot-off में हराया।

पृष्ठभूमि

Recurve archery target archery का Olympic form है। World Cup Final international World Cup circuit के leading performers को एक साथ लाता है।

Bommadevara ने 5-5 tie के बाद final 6-5 से जीता। Deciding shoot-off में उन्होंने 10-9 से जीत हासिल की और Indian male recurve archer के लिए event में medal का 16-year wait समाप्त किया।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • Dhiraj Bommadevara ने Archery World Cup Final gold जीता।
  • वे यह उपलब्धि हासिल करने वाले पहले Indian male recurve archer बने।
  • Event Saltillo, Mexico में आयोजित हुआ।
  • उन्होंने Japan के Nakanishi Junya को हराया।
  • Recurve archery Olympic archery discipline है।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS2: खेल

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. Dhiraj Bommadevara ने सितंबर 2026 में किस sport में इतिहास बनाया?
उत्तर: B
व्याख्या: Dhiraj Bommadevara Archery World Cup Final में gold जीतने वाले पहले Indian male recurve archer बने।
Science and Technology · Brief
New Material Shows Promise for Converting Waste Heat into Electricity
Researchers led by JNCASR scientists reported unusual wave-like heat transport in thallium copper selenide, TlCu5Se3. The material shows very low lattice thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance, potentially improving conversion …

Exam Points

  • The material studied is thallium copper selenide, TlCu5Se3.
  • The research involved JNCASR, Bengaluru.
  • JNCASR is an autonomous institution under the Department of Science and Technology.
  • The material showed a thermoelectric figure of merit zT of 1.7.
  • The research was published in Science Advances.
  • Thermoelectric materials can convert temperature differences into electrical energy.
GS3: Science and Technology

News Item

Researchers led by JNCASR scientists reported unusual wave-like heat transport in thallium copper selenide, TlCu5Se3. The material shows very low lattice thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance, potentially improving conversion of industrial waste heat into electricity.

Background

Thermoelectric materials can directly convert a temperature difference into electrical energy. A useful thermoelectric material should conduct electricity effectively while limiting heat conduction through the crystal lattice.

Researchers found that TlCu5Se3 shows strong anharmonicity and unusual wave-like phonon transport. The reported thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, reached 1.7, which is high for a pristine ternary chalcogenide.

Prelims Facts

  • The material studied is thallium copper selenide, TlCu5Se3.
  • The research involved JNCASR, Bengaluru.
  • JNCASR is an autonomous institution under the Department of Science and Technology.
  • The material showed a thermoelectric figure of merit zT of 1.7.
  • The research was published in Science Advances.
  • Thermoelectric materials can convert temperature differences into electrical energy.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Thermoelectric materials are primarily useful because they can directly convert which of the following?
Answer: A
Explanation: Thermoelectric materials can directly convert a temperature difference into electrical voltage and can therefore help recover waste heat.
नया material waste heat को electricity में बदलने के लिए promising
JNCASR scientists के नेतृत्व में researchers ने thallium copper selenide, TlCu5Se3 में unusual wave-like heat transport report किया। Material में बहुत low lattice thermal conductivity और high thermoelectric performance पाया …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • Study किया गया material thallium copper selenide, TlCu5Se3 है।
  • Research में JNCASR, Bengaluru शामिल था।
  • JNCASR Department of Science and Technology के अंतर्गत autonomous institution है।
  • Material का thermoelectric figure of merit zT 1.7 report किया गया।
  • Research Science Advances में published हुआ।
  • Thermoelectric materials temperature differences को electrical energy में convert कर सकते हैं।
GS3: विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी

समाचार

JNCASR scientists के नेतृत्व में researchers ने thallium copper selenide, TlCu5Se3 में unusual wave-like heat transport report किया। Material में बहुत low lattice thermal conductivity और high thermoelectric performance पाया गया, जिससे industrial waste heat को electricity में बदलने की efficiency बेहतर हो सकती है।

पृष्ठभूमि

Thermoelectric materials temperature difference को directly electrical energy में convert कर सकते हैं। Useful thermoelectric material को electricity efficiently conduct करनी चाहिए, जबकि crystal lattice के through heat conduction low रहनी चाहिए।

Researchers ने पाया कि TlCu5Se3 strong anharmonicity और unusual wave-like phonon transport दिखाता है। Reported thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, 1.7 तक पहुंचा, जो pristine ternary chalcogenide के लिए high है।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • Study किया गया material thallium copper selenide, TlCu5Se3 है।
  • Research में JNCASR, Bengaluru शामिल था।
  • JNCASR Department of Science and Technology के अंतर्गत autonomous institution है।
  • Material का thermoelectric figure of merit zT 1.7 report किया गया।
  • Research Science Advances में published हुआ।
  • Thermoelectric materials temperature differences को electrical energy में convert कर सकते हैं।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS3: विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. Thermoelectric materials मुख्यतः इसलिए उपयोगी हैं क्योंकि वे निम्नलिखित में से किसका direct conversion कर सकते हैं?
उत्तर: A
व्याख्या: Thermoelectric materials temperature difference को सीधे electrical voltage में convert कर सकते हैं और waste heat recovery में उपयोगी हो सकते हैं।
Science and Technology · Brief
SEMICON India 2026 Announced for New Delhi
The Government announced that the fifth edition of SEMICON India will be held from 17 to 19 September 2026 at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi. The event will bring together more than …

Exam Points

  • SEMICON India 2026 is the fifth edition of the event.
  • It will be held from 17 to 19 September 2026.
  • The venue is Yashobhoomi in New Delhi.
  • More than 600 exhibitors are expected.
  • Around 300 international companies are expected to participate.
  • Semiconductor chips are critical inputs for modern electronics.
GS3: Science and Technology

News Item

The Government announced that the fifth edition of SEMICON India will be held from 17 to 19 September 2026 at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi. The event will bring together more than 600 exhibitors, around 300 international companies and delegations from over 40 countries.

Background

Semiconductors are foundational components of modern electronics and are essential for computers, smartphones, vehicles, telecom systems, defence equipment and artificial intelligence infrastructure.

India has been building a domestic semiconductor ecosystem through manufacturing incentives, design support, skill development and the India Semiconductor Mission.

Prelims Facts

  • SEMICON India 2026 is the fifth edition of the event.
  • It will be held from 17 to 19 September 2026.
  • The venue is Yashobhoomi in New Delhi.
  • More than 600 exhibitors are expected.
  • Around 300 international companies are expected to participate.
  • Semiconductor chips are critical inputs for modern electronics.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. SEMICON India 2026 is primarily associated with which sector?
Answer: A
Explanation: SEMICON India focuses on the semiconductor and electronics ecosystem, including manufacturing, design, equipment and supply chains.
SEMICON India 2026 New Delhi में आयोजित होगा
Government ने घोषणा की कि SEMICON India का fifth edition 17 से 19 सितंबर 2026 तक Yashobhoomi, New Delhi में आयोजित होगा। Event में 600 से अधिक exhibitors, लगभग 300 …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • SEMICON India 2026 event का fifth edition है।
  • यह 17 से 19 सितंबर 2026 तक आयोजित होगा।
  • Venue Yashobhoomi, New Delhi है।
  • 600 से अधिक exhibitors expected हैं।
  • लगभग 300 international companies के भाग लेने की उम्मीद है।
  • Semiconductor chips modern electronics के critical inputs हैं।
GS3: विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी

समाचार

Government ने घोषणा की कि SEMICON India का fifth edition 17 से 19 सितंबर 2026 तक Yashobhoomi, New Delhi में आयोजित होगा। Event में 600 से अधिक exhibitors, लगभग 300 international companies और 40 से अधिक countries की delegations भाग लेंगी।

पृष्ठभूमि

Semiconductors modern electronics के foundational components हैं और computers, smartphones, vehicles, telecom systems, defence equipment तथा artificial intelligence infrastructure के लिए essential हैं।

India manufacturing incentives, design support, skill development और India Semiconductor Mission के माध्यम से domestic semiconductor ecosystem विकसित कर रहा है।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • SEMICON India 2026 event का fifth edition है।
  • यह 17 से 19 सितंबर 2026 तक आयोजित होगा।
  • Venue Yashobhoomi, New Delhi है।
  • 600 से अधिक exhibitors expected हैं।
  • लगभग 300 international companies के भाग लेने की उम्मीद है।
  • Semiconductor chips modern electronics के critical inputs हैं।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS3: विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. SEMICON India 2026 मुख्यतः किस sector से संबंधित है?
उत्तर: A
व्याख्या: SEMICON India semiconductor और electronics ecosystem पर focus करता है, जिसमें manufacturing, design, equipment और supply chains शामिल हैं।
History, Art and Culture · Brief
Ancient Sirpur Heritage Comes into Focus
Sirpur in Chhattisgarh came into current focus after a media delegation visited its ASI-protected monuments, including Laxman Temple, Baleshwar Mahadev Temple, Surang Tila and Tiwardev Vihara. The sites highlight Sirpur’s …

Exam Points

  • Sirpur is located in Chhattisgarh.
  • It is associated with ancient Dakshina Kosala.
  • Laxman Temple is known for brick architecture.
  • Tiwardev Vihara reflects Sirpur’s Buddhist heritage.
  • Archaeological remains at Sirpur show coexistence of multiple religious traditions.
  • Several monuments at Sirpur are protected by the Archaeological Survey of India.
GS1: Indian History and Culture

News Item

Sirpur in Chhattisgarh came into current focus after a media delegation visited its ASI-protected monuments, including Laxman Temple, Baleshwar Mahadev Temple, Surang Tila and Tiwardev Vihara. The sites highlight Sirpur’s importance as a historical centre where Hindu and Buddhist traditions coexisted.

Background

Sirpur is located in present-day Chhattisgarh and is an important archaeological site of ancient Dakshina Kosala.

The Laxman Temple is especially noted for its early brick temple architecture and sculptural decoration. Excavated Buddhist monasteries such as Tiwardev Vihara show that Sirpur was also a centre of Buddhist learning and cultural exchange.

Prelims Facts

  • Sirpur is located in Chhattisgarh.
  • It is associated with ancient Dakshina Kosala.
  • Laxman Temple is known for brick architecture.
  • Tiwardev Vihara reflects Sirpur’s Buddhist heritage.
  • Archaeological remains at Sirpur show coexistence of multiple religious traditions.
  • Several monuments at Sirpur are protected by the Archaeological Survey of India.

GS Mapping

GS1: Indian History and Culture

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding Sirpur: 1. It is located in present-day Chhattisgarh. 2. It contains important Buddhist as well as Hindu archaeological remains. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. Sirpur is in Chhattisgarh and preserves important remains associated with both Hindu and Buddhist traditions.
प्राचीन Sirpur heritage फिर चर्चा में
Chhattisgarh का Sirpur ASI-protected monuments की heritage visit के कारण current news में आया। Delegation ने Laxman Temple, Baleshwar Mahadev Temple, Surang Tila और Tiwardev Vihara देखा। ये sites Sirpur …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • Sirpur Chhattisgarh में स्थित है।
  • यह ancient Dakshina Kosala से associated है।
  • Laxman Temple brick architecture के लिए जाना जाता है।
  • Tiwardev Vihara Sirpur की Buddhist heritage को दर्शाता है।
  • Sirpur के archaeological remains multiple religious traditions के coexistence को दिखाते हैं।
  • Sirpur के कई monuments Archaeological Survey of India द्वारा protected हैं।
GS1: भारतीय इतिहास एवं संस्कृति

समाचार

Chhattisgarh का Sirpur ASI-protected monuments की heritage visit के कारण current news में आया। Delegation ने Laxman Temple, Baleshwar Mahadev Temple, Surang Tila और Tiwardev Vihara देखा। ये sites Sirpur को Hindu और Buddhist traditions के coexistence वाले महत्वपूर्ण historical centre के रूप में दिखाती हैं।

पृष्ठभूमि

Sirpur present-day Chhattisgarh में स्थित है और ancient Dakshina Kosala का important archaeological site है।

Laxman Temple early brick temple architecture और sculptural decoration के लिए जाना जाता है। Tiwardev Vihara जैसे excavated Buddhist monasteries दिखाते हैं कि Sirpur Buddhist learning और cultural exchange का भी centre था।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • Sirpur Chhattisgarh में स्थित है।
  • यह ancient Dakshina Kosala से associated है।
  • Laxman Temple brick architecture के लिए जाना जाता है।
  • Tiwardev Vihara Sirpur की Buddhist heritage को दर्शाता है।
  • Sirpur के archaeological remains multiple religious traditions के coexistence को दिखाते हैं।
  • Sirpur के कई monuments Archaeological Survey of India द्वारा protected हैं।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS1: भारतीय इतिहास एवं संस्कृति

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. Sirpur के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. यह present-day Chhattisgarh में स्थित है। 2. यहां important Buddhist और Hindu archaeological remains दोनों मिले हैं। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। Sirpur Chhattisgarh में स्थित है और यहां Hindu तथा Buddhist traditions से जुड़े important remains पाए जाते हैं।
International Relations · Brief
G20 Energy Ministers Meet Under US Presidency
India participated in the G20 Energy Ministers’ Meeting in the United States under the US G20 Presidency. Discussions were scheduled around energy security, affordable baseload power, regulatory efficiency, critical minerals …

Exam Points

  • The 2026 G20 Energy Ministers’ Meeting was held under the US G20 Presidency.
  • India was represented by Union Minister Manohar Lal.
  • Key themes included energy security and critical minerals.
  • Resilient supply chains were part of the agenda.
  • The G20 includes the European Union and African Union in addition to 19 countries.
GS2: International Relations; GS3: Energy Security

News Item

India participated in the G20 Energy Ministers’ Meeting in the United States under the US G20 Presidency. Discussions were scheduled around energy security, affordable baseload power, regulatory efficiency, critical minerals and resilient supply chains.

Background

The G20 is the leading forum for international economic cooperation. It includes 19 countries, the European Union and the African Union.

Energy has become an important G20 issue because reliable and affordable energy systems are closely linked to industrial growth, energy transition, critical-mineral supply chains and climate goals.

For India, critical minerals are especially important for renewable energy, electric mobility, batteries, electronics and strategic technologies.

Prelims Facts

  • The 2026 G20 Energy Ministers’ Meeting was held under the US G20 Presidency.
  • India was represented by Union Minister Manohar Lal.
  • Key themes included energy security and critical minerals.
  • Resilient supply chains were part of the agenda.
  • The G20 includes the European Union and African Union in addition to 19 countries.

GS Mapping

GS2: International Relations; GS3: Energy Security

Quick Check · 1 question
Q1. Consider the following statements regarding the G20: 1. The African Union is part of the G20. 2. The European Union is part of the G20. Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: C
Explanation: Both statements are correct. The G20 includes 19 countries along with the European Union and the African Union.
US Presidency के तहत G20 Energy Ministers Meeting
India ने US G20 Presidency के तहत United States में G20 Energy Ministers’ Meeting में भाग लिया। Discussions energy security, affordable baseload power, regulatory efficiency, critical minerals और resilient supply …

परीक्षा बिंदु (Exam Points)

  • 2026 G20 Energy Ministers’ Meeting US G20 Presidency के तहत आयोजित हुई।
  • India का representation Union Minister Manohar Lal ने किया।
  • Key themes में energy security और critical minerals शामिल थे।
  • Resilient supply chains agenda का हिस्सा थीं।
  • G20 में 19 countries के अलावा European Union और African Union शामिल हैं।
GS2: अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध; GS3: ऊर्जा सुरक्षा

समाचार

India ने US G20 Presidency के तहत United States में G20 Energy Ministers’ Meeting में भाग लिया। Discussions energy security, affordable baseload power, regulatory efficiency, critical minerals और resilient supply chains पर केंद्रित थीं।

पृष्ठभूमि

G20 international economic cooperation का leading forum है। इसमें 19 countries, European Union और African Union शामिल हैं।

Energy G20 का important issue बन चुका है क्योंकि reliable और affordable energy systems industrial growth, energy transition, critical-mineral supply chains और climate goals से closely linked हैं।

India के लिए critical minerals renewable energy, electric mobility, batteries, electronics और strategic technologies के लिए विशेष रूप से महत्वपूर्ण हैं।

प्रारंभिक परीक्षा तथ्य

  • 2026 G20 Energy Ministers’ Meeting US G20 Presidency के तहत आयोजित हुई।
  • India का representation Union Minister Manohar Lal ने किया।
  • Key themes में energy security और critical minerals शामिल थे।
  • Resilient supply chains agenda का हिस्सा थीं।
  • G20 में 19 countries के अलावा European Union और African Union शामिल हैं।

जीएस मैपिंग

GS2: अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध; GS3: ऊर्जा सुरक्षा

त्वरित अभ्यास · 1 प्रश्न
प्र1. G20 के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए: 1. African Union G20 का हिस्सा है। 2. European Union G20 का हिस्सा है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन-से कथन सही हैं?
उत्तर: C
व्याख्या: दोनों कथन सही हैं। G20 में 19 countries के साथ European Union और African Union दोनों शामिल हैं।