Current Affairs Revision Hub

News Item

India has been ranked a dismal 176th out of 177 countries in the latest Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2026, prepared by Yale University. While India performed poorly in crucial areas like air quality and biodiversity, the Indian government has historically rejected the index, citing unscientific methodology and flawed assumptions.

Background

The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a biennial (every two years) global report developed by the Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy in collaboration with the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) at Columbia University. Started in 2002, the index evaluates countries on environmental health, ecosystem vitality, and climate change mitigation. Over the years, developing nations like India have criticized the EPI because its metrics often ignore historical greenhouse gas emissions by developed countries and prioritize per-capita emission metrics that disproportionately favor wealthier, less populous nations.

Prelims Facts

• Estonia secured the 1st rank globally in the EPI 2026 with a score of 74.79.
• India ranked 176th out of 177 countries (score of 22.46), making it the second-lowest ranked country just above Laos.
• In the South Asian region, India ranked 7th among 8 countries.
• India's weakest performance was recorded in the Environmental Health, Air Quality, and Biodiversity parameters (ranked 174th).
• India showed relatively better performance in Climate Change (130th) and Waste Management and Sanitation (141st).

GS Mapping

GS3: Environment and Ecology | GS3: Conservation and Pollution

News Item

The Union Cabinet has officially extended the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme from the financial year 2026-27 to 2030-31. A massive budget of ₹3.15 lakh crore has been allocated to ensure that eligible farmers continue to receive timely, transparent, and direct income support right into their bank accounts.

Background

Launched in February 2019, PM-KISAN is a flagship Central Sector Scheme, meaning it is 100% funded by the Government of India. The agriculture sector forms the backbone of the Indian economy, yet small and marginal farmers often face severe financial stress due to high input costs and crop failures, forcing them into the clutches of informal moneylenders. To solve this, the scheme provides an assured income support of ₹6,000 per year, which empowers farmers to make timely investments in seeds, fertilizers, and modern machinery. The money is transferred seamlessly using the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system, ensuring zero leakages and maximum transparency.

Prelims Facts

• The scheme is extended up to 2030-31 with an approved financial outlay of ₹3.15 lakh crore.
• It is a Central Sector Scheme (100% Central Government funding).
• So far, over ₹4.47 lakh crore has been successfully transferred through 23 installments.
• Money is routed strictly via the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) framework.

GS Mapping

GS3: Economy (Agriculture) | GS2: Welfare Schemes

News Item

To secure India's future energy resources, the Union Cabinet has given the green light to the National Offshore Exploration Scheme, proudly named 'Samudra Manthan'. Backed by an ₹84,084 crore outlay running up to 2030-31, the initiative will comprehensively supercharge deep-sea geological surveys and hydrocarbon exploration along the nation's vast coastlines.

Background

India is heavily dependent on imports to meet its crude oil and natural gas demands, causing a massive drain on foreign exchange reserves. However, India possesses a long coastline of over 7,500 km and a sprawling Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covering more than 2 million square kilometers. Beneath these deep ocean waters lie enormous, untapped reservoirs of oil, natural gas, and rare earth minerals. Offshore exploration refers to the complex process of mapping and drilling beneath the seabed to extract these resources. The 'Samudra Manthan' scheme represents a critical leap toward the 'Blue Economy' and *Aatmanirbhar Bharat* (Self-Reliant India), significantly enhancing energy security while fostering cutting-edge marine technologies.

Prelims Facts

• Scheme Name: Samudra Manthan (National Offshore Exploration Scheme).
• Approved financial outlay: ₹84,084 crore.
• Implementation timeframe: Valid up to the financial year 2030-31.
• Purpose: Comprehensive technological and infrastructural interventions in the offshore exploration value chain (hydrocarbons and minerals).

GS Mapping

GS3: Economy (Energy) | GS1: Geography (Mineral & Energy Resources) | GS3: Science and Technology

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke with the newly appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Andy Burnham, to congratulate him on assuming office. The two leaders pledged to elevate the India-UK Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and fully harness the economic benefits of the recently operationalized free trade agreement between the two nations.

Background

India and the United Kingdom share deep historical and democratic ties, with India's parliamentary structure heavily inspired by the UK's Westminster model. The bilateral relationship was officially upgraded to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in 2021, guided by a 10-year framework known as Roadmap 2030. This roadmap focuses on five key pillars: trade, defense, climate action, health, and people-to-people contacts. The recent operationalization of the India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement marks a historic milestone in this journey. It aims to significantly reduce tariffs, remove trade barriers, and boost bilateral investments in critical sectors like artificial intelligence, clean energy, and higher education.

Prelims Facts

• Andy Burnham has assumed office as the new Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• India and the UK recently operationalized the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement to boost mutual trade, technology sharing, and investments.
• The bilateral diplomatic and economic relationship is guided by the Roadmap 2030 framework adopted in 2021.
• India's parliamentary democracy is fundamentally based on the British Westminster system.

GS Mapping

GS2: International Relations | GS2: Bilateral Agreements

News Item

The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) has released over ₹24 lakh to farmers, research institutions, and State Biodiversity Boards. This payment was made under the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) framework to reward stakeholders who conserve biological resources that are later used for commercial purposes.

Background

The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 was enacted by India to meet the obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The Act established a three-tier structure: the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) at the national level, State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) at the state level, and Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) at the local level. A key principle of this framework is Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS), which originates from the Nagoya Protocol. ABS ensures that local communities and traditional knowledge holders receive a fair share of the profits when commercial companies use their biological resources (like medicinal plants or indigenous seeds) for making drugs, cosmetics, or new crop varieties.

Prelims Facts

• The NBA recently released ₹24 lakh as Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) payments to various conservation stakeholders.
• The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 established a three-tier regulatory system: NBA (National), SBBs (State), and BMCs (Local).
• The concept of ABS is internationally governed by the Nagoya Protocol (adopted in 2010), which is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
• The NBA is a statutory body headquartered in Chennai.

GS Mapping

GS3: Environment and Ecology | GS3: Conservation

News Item

The Union Cabinet has approved the continuation of the expanded Khelo India Scheme and enhanced Assistance to National Sports Federations (ANSFs) with a massive combined budget of ₹36,441 crore for the period 2026-27 to 2030-31. This visionary step ensures that talented youth have a clear and fully supported pathway—from playing in rural fields to winning Olympic medals.

Background

India has vast sporting potential, but historical gaps in infrastructure and funding often held athletes back. To revive sports culture at the grassroots level, the Khelo India Scheme was introduced in 2017-18 under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. Over the years, it has successfully launched massive national events like the Khelo India Youth, University, Winter, and Para Games. The latest Cabinet decision deeply integrates this grassroots framework with the elite Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS). Launched in 2014, TOPS provides highly customized, world-class training and financial aid to India's top medal prospects. By linking Khelo India with TOPS and strengthening the ANSFs, the government is building a seamless, pan-India pipeline to produce international champions.

Prelims Facts

• The combined outlay for Khelo India and ANSFs is ₹36,441 crore.
• The scheme has been extended for a five-year period from 2026-27 to 2030-31.
• It aims to build training facilities spanning from the grassroots level directly to the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) level.
• ANSFs (Assistance to National Sports Federations) is the primary mechanism through which the government funds national sports bodies for conducting camps and international exposure trips.

GS Mapping

GS2: Welfare Schemes | Current Affairs: Sports

News Item

Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) General Dhiraj Seth has launched the indigenously developed Xtreme Weather Grade (XWG) Diesel. Jointly created by the Indian Army and Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs), this specialised fuel is designed to keep military and logistics vehicles fully operational in extreme cold and high-altitude regions without freezing.

Background

Standard diesel fuel contains wax-like molecules that tend to freeze or crystallize at extremely low temperatures, an issue technically known as the 'cloud point' and 'pour point'. In high-altitude border areas like Ladakh and Siachen, where temperatures frequently drop to -30°C or lower, the Indian Army historically faced severe challenges in keeping their tanks, infantry combat vehicles, and supply trucks running. To prevent fuel lines from choking, soldiers often had to keep vehicle engines running continuously or use risky crude heating methods. The introduction of XWG diesel provides a stable, freeze-resistant alternative that significantly boosts operational readiness, safety, and aligns with the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India).

Prelims Facts

• The Xtreme Weather Grade (XWG) Diesel was jointly developed by the Indian Army and domestic Oil Marketing Companies.
• It enhances the mobility, safety, and reliability of combat and logistics vehicles in sub-zero and high-altitude environments.
• The specialized fuel eliminates the old, risky practices of keeping vehicle engines running continuously during severe winters.
• It has broader applicability and can be used for civilian purposes in regions experiencing extreme winter conditions.

GS Mapping

GS3: Defence and Security | GS3: Science and Technology

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla, and Home Minister Amit Shah paid rich tributes to the immortal Hindi litterateur Munshi Premchand on his birth anniversary. The leaders highlighted how his timeless writings acted as a powerful tool for social change by giving a sensitive voice to the struggles of farmers, labourers, women, and the common people.

Background

Born on July 31, 1880, in Lamhi village near Varanasi (Kashi), Munshi Premchand's original name was Dhanpat Rai Srivastava. He began writing under the pen name 'Nawab Rai' in Urdu before switching to Hindi as 'Premchand'. Widely regarded as the "Upanyas Samrat" (Emperor of Novels), his literature was deeply rooted in reality (social realism), actively fighting against social evils, untouchability, poverty, and economic disparities. His works remain highly relevant today as they beautifully capture human emotions, moral dilemmas, and the harsh realities of rural Indian life during the British colonial era.

Prelims Facts

• Munshi Premchand's real name was Dhanpat Rai Srivastava.
• His first short story collection written in Urdu, 'Soz-e-Watan', was banned by the British colonial government for its patriotic and rebellious tone.
• *Godaan* (1936), his final complete novel, famously depicts the agrarian crisis, exploitation by moneylenders, and the tragic life of a poor peasant named Hori.
• He also served as an editor for prominent literary journals like Hans and Madhuri.

GS Mapping

GS1: Modern Indian History | GS1: Personalities

News Item

The 135th edition of the Durand Cup, Asia's oldest football tournament, has officially commenced in Shillong, Meghalaya. The city's Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium is hosting the Group E matches, featuring local clubs alongside Mumbai FC, adding to the excitement for regional football fans.

Background

The Durand Cup is a historic football tournament in India, first held in 1888 in Shimla. It was named after its founder, Sir Mortimer Durand, the then Foreign Secretary of British India. Initially, it was a football tournament meant exclusively for the British Indian Army and other military units. After independence, it opened up to civilian teams. It is currently hosted by the Durand Football Tournament Society (DFTS) and the All India Football Federation (AIFF). As the oldest existing club football tournament in Asia and the fifth oldest in the world, it holds immense prestige in the Indian sporting calendar.

Prelims Facts

• The 135th edition of the Durand Cup kicked off in Shillong, Meghalaya (Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium).
• It is Asia’s oldest football tournament, having started in 1888.
• The tournament is deeply associated with the military, and the Indian Armed Forces actively participate and host events like weapon displays alongside the matches.
• The winning team receives three unique trophies: the Durand Cup, the President's Cup, and the Shimla Trophy.

GS Mapping

GS1: Modern Indian History | Current Affairs: Sports

News Item

The nation paid solemn tributes to the legendary revolutionary freedom fighter Shaheed Udham Singh on his martyrdom day. He is deeply etched in India's history for assassinating Michael O’Dwyer in London to avenge the horrific 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Background

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, when British troops commanded by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer fired on a peaceful, unarmed crowd. Michael O'Dwyer was the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab at the time and fully endorsed Dyer's brutal actions. Deeply affected by this tragedy, Udham Singh dedicated his life to the freedom struggle, joining the Ghadar Party (an international political movement founded by expatriate Indians) and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). On March 13, 1940, after a wait of 21 years, he shot O'Dwyer at Caxton Hall in London. He was subsequently convicted and hanged on July 31, 1940.

Prelims Facts

• Shaheed Udham Singh assassinated Michael O’Dwyer, the former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, on March 13, 1940.
• He was closely associated with the Ghadar Party and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
• He used the alias 'Ram Mohammad Singh Azad' during his trial to promote religious harmony and national unity.
• He was hanged for his actions at Pentonville Prison in London on July 31, 1940.

GS Mapping

GS1: Modern Indian History | GS1: Personalities

News Item

Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia launched the theme, 'Scale without Boundaries', for the 10th edition of the India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2026. The event aims to position India's homegrown digital innovations, like 5G and emerging 6G technologies, on the global stage for international deployment.

Background

The India Mobile Congress (IMC) is Asia's largest digital technology forum, jointly organised by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI). It serves as a major platform for government-industry collaboration, showcasing advancements in telecommunications, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), satellite communications, and green technologies. India's telecom sector has seen rapid growth, supported by strategic government initiatives like the Bharat 6G Alliance and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for domestic manufacturing.

Prelims Facts

• The 10th IMC (October 2026, New Delhi) theme is 'Scale without Boundaries'.
• Organised jointly by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and COAI.
• The 2026 edition is anchored on four pillars: Srishti (Building Future), Suraksha (Strengthening Trust), Sashakt (Expanding Opportunities), and Samvardhan (Fueling Growth).
• Over 500 million people connected to 5G within 2.5 years in India with an investment of ₹4.5 lakh crore.
• Initiatives like Sanchar Saathi (digital security portal) and the Bharat 6G Alliance are actively driving India's telecom ecosystem.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology | GS3: Economy

News Item

Indian athletes showcased outstanding performances at the Glasgow Commonwealth Games 2026. Prime Minister Narendra Modi praised Dilip Mahadu Gavit for clinching Gold with a record-breaking run in the Men's 100m T47, alongside Sreeshankar and Muhammad Basil Morsingnakath, who secured Silver medals with season-best performances in their respective athletic events.

Background

The Commonwealth Games (CWG) is a major international multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. First held in 1930, the games occur every four years. The 2026 edition is being hosted in Glasgow, Scotland. In modern Commonwealth Games, para-sports are fully integrated into the main sporting program, meaning para-athletes compete alongside able-bodied athletes. The T47 classification in para-athletics is specifically designated for competitors with a unilateral upper limb impairment (such as a below-elbow amputation), ensuring fair and categorized track competition.

Prelims Facts

• Dilip Mahadu Gavit won the Gold medal in the Men's 100m T47 event at the 2026 CWG, setting a new Commonwealth Games record.
• M. Sreeshankar secured a Silver medal with his season's best performance in the Long Jump event.
• Muhammad Basil Morsingnakath clinched a Silver medal in his track event, also registering his season-best sprint time.
• The 2026 Commonwealth Games are taking place in Glasgow, Scotland.

GS Mapping

GS2: Important International Institutions | Current Affairs: Sports

News Item

Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) in Visakhapatnam has handed over the second indigenous Diving Support Vessel (DSV) 'Nipun' to the Indian Navy. This delivery is a major milestone in India's warship-building program, advancing the vision of 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' (Self-Reliant India) with nearly 75% indigenous content.

Background

A Diving Support Vessel (DSV) is a specially designed ship used as a floating base for professional diving projects, especially in the open ocean. Historically, the Indian Navy relied on foreign-built vessels or modified ships for deep-sea search and rescue. To enhance deep-sea capabilities, the Indian Navy contracted Hindustan Shipyard Limited to build two indigenous DSVs (the first being 'Nistar'). These ships are crucial for submarine rescue operations, underwater inspections, and recovering lost assets.

Prelims Facts

• Built by Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) in Visakhapatnam.
• Made with 75% indigenous content, boosting local defence manufacturing.
• Designed and built per the classification standards of the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS).
• Equipped with a side diving stage for specialized open-ocean operations.

GS Mapping

GS3: Defence and Security | GS3: Indigenization of Technology

News Item

Indian scientists have made a surprising discovery: the Sun's upper atmosphere rotates much faster than its visible surface, with the speed increasing at higher altitudes. This breakthrough challenges classical physics and is crucial for improving space weather forecasting, which affects Earth's satellites and power grids.

Background

The Sun is not a solid body but a giant ball of electrically charged gas called plasma. Because of this, it experiences Differential Rotation—its equator rotates faster than its poles. The Sun's structure includes the inner layers and an atmosphere consisting of the Photosphere (visible surface), Chromosphere, and the outermost Corona. According to the classical law of conservation of angular momentum (like an ice skater slowing down when extending their arms), the rotation should theoretically slow down further away from the center. However, this new research reveals the exact opposite in the solar atmosphere, presenting a complex puzzle regarding the transfer of energy and momentum in solar physics.

Prelims Facts

• The research was conducted jointly by ARIES (Nainital), Udaipur Solar Observatory (USO-PRL), and Ahmednagar College.
• The discovery utilized observation data from Japan's Nobeyama Radioheliograph.
• Findings show that the solar atmosphere rotates faster than the visible surface, directly challenging the law of conservation of angular momentum.
• The study observed that during periods of high solar activity (indicated by a high number of Sunspots), the atmospheric rotation speed slightly decreases.

GS Mapping

GS3: Science and Technology

News Item

The Indian Navy has successfully launched Machilipatnam, the seventh of the eight Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts (ASW SWC). Built by the Cochin Shipyard Limited, this highly capable vessel will significantly boost India's coastal defence and underwater surveillance in the Indian Ocean Region.

Background

The ASW SWC project aims to replace the Indian Navy's aging Abhay-class corvettes. These specialised ships are designed to operate in shallow coastal waters to detect and neutralise enemy submarines. The ship derives its name from Machilipatnam, a historic port city in Andhra Pradesh that served as a major global trading hub for the Golconda Sultanate, the Dutch, the British, and the French during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Prelims Facts

• Machilipatnam is the 7th of the 8 planned ASW SWC ships.
• It is being constructed by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL).
• Equipped for Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), underwater surveillance, and mine warfare.
• The historic city of Machilipatnam (also known as Masulipatnam) was a prominent port for the Golconda Sultanate.
• The first British East India Company factory on the Coromandel Coast was established in Machilipatnam in 1611.

GS Mapping

GS3: Security

News Item

International Tiger Day is being observed globally to raise awareness about tiger conservation and habitat protection. Driven by strong institutional support and community participation, India has emerged as a global leader, now hosting nearly 70% of the world's wild tiger population (out of approximately 5,711 globally).

Background

International Tiger Day was established in 2010 during the Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit in Russia, where 13 tiger-range countries adopted the Tx2 goal to double the wild tiger population by 2022. To provide a robust foundation for tiger protection in India, the government launched Project Tiger in 1973 and established the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) as a statutory body under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Prelims Facts

• International Tiger Day is observed annually on 29 July.
• The global wild tiger population is currently estimated at 5,711, marking a 78% increase since 2010.
• India is home to nearly 70% of the world’s wild tigers.
• The scientific name of the tiger is *Panthera tigris*, and it is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.
• Project Tiger, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, was launched in 1973.

GS Mapping

GS3: Environment & Conservation

News Item

The nation is celebrating Guru Purnima, a sacred festival dedicated to expressing gratitude towards spiritual and academic teachers. Leaders across the country, including the Vice President and Prime Minister, extended their greetings, highlighting the vital role of 'Gurus' in shaping society.

Background

Guru Purnima is celebrated on the full moon day (Purnima) in the Hindu month of Ashadha (June–July). It is also known as Vyasa Purnima, marking the birth anniversary of sage Veda Vyasa, the revered author of the epic Mahabharata. For Buddhists, this day holds immense historical significance as it marks the day Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath (Uttar Pradesh) after attaining enlightenment at Bodhgaya.

Prelims Facts

• Celebrated annually on the full moon day of the Ashadha month in the Hindu calendar.
• Dedicated to sage Veda Vyasa, the compiler of the Vedas and author of the Mahabharata.
• Marks the day Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon (*Dharmachakra Pravartana*) to his five disciples at Sarnath.
• Jain traditions observe this day to honour Lord Mahavira, who made his first disciple (Indrabhuti Gautam) on this day, thus becoming a Guru.

GS Mapping

GS1: Art & Culture

News Item

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has notified new recruitment rules reserving 50% of Constable (General Duty) vacancies in the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) exclusively for ex-Agniveers. This significant policy update aims to ensure long-term career stability and rehabilitation for youth completing their four-year tenure under the Agnipath military recruitment scheme.

Background

The new SSB Combatised General Duty Group ‘C’ Posts Recruitment Rules, 2026, supersede the older 2011 guidelines. To facilitate a smooth transition, ex-Agniveers will be exempted from the written examination, Physical Standard Test (PST), and Physical Efficiency Test (PET). The Agnipath Scheme, launched in 2022, recruits soldiers (Agniveers) for four years, after which 25% are retained in the armed forces. Initially, the MHA had announced a 10% reservation in Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) for the remaining 75%, which has now been substantially expanded to 50% specifically for the SSB.

Prelims Facts

• Under the 2026 rules, 50% of SSB Constable (General Duty) vacancies are reserved for ex-Agniveers.
• Ex-Agniveers are completely exempted from the written examination, Physical Standard Test (PST), and Physical Efficiency Test (PET).
• The first batch of ex-Agniveers receives a 5-year relaxation in the upper age limit.
• Subsequent batches of ex-Agniveers will receive a 3-year relaxation in the upper age limit.
• If the reserved 50% quota is not filled by ex-Agniveers, the remaining vacancies will be added to the open competitive recruitment pool.

GS Mapping

GS3: Security

News Item

India has achieved a historic milestone by becoming the world’s second-largest supplier of seafarers, contributing 12.16% of the global maritime workforce. Surpassing China, Russia, and Indonesia, India now ranks only behind the Philippines, marking a massive leap from its fifth position in 2015.

Background

Seafarers are maritime professionals responsible for operating and navigating commercial ships, forming the backbone of global trade (as about 80% of world trade volume is carried by sea). India has seen remarkable growth in its maritime workforce, jumping from just 5.2% in 2015 to 12.16% in 2026. This surge is driven by government initiatives, robust maritime training academies, and strict adherence to international maritime standards under the Directorate General of Shipping.

Prelims Facts

• According to the 2026 report, India is the second-largest supplier of seafarers globally, contributing 12.16% of the workforce.
• The Philippines remains the top supplier of seafarers in the world.
• In 2015, India was ranked 5th globally, contributing only 5.2% to the global seafaring workforce.
• The International Maritime Organization (IMO), a UN specialized agency based in London, is responsible for regulating shipping and ensuring the safety and security of international shipping, including seafarer training standards (STCW Convention).

GS Mapping

GS3: Economy

News Item

The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the Madhya Pradesh government are signing an MoU to establish India's first Telecom Manufacturing Zone (TMZ) in Gwalior. This initiative aims to boost domestic production of next-generation telecom equipment, attract investments, and create a world-class manufacturing ecosystem under the 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' vision.

Background

The push for domestic telecom manufacturing is crucial to reduce import dependence, especially from countries like China, and to secure India's critical communication infrastructure. The government previously launched the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme in 2021 to boost local manufacturing of telecom and networking products. A dedicated Telecom Manufacturing Zone will act as a concentrated hub, providing shared infrastructure, testing facilities, and a supportive environment for MSMEs, startups, and global tech giants to innovate and manufacture locally.

Prelims Facts

• Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, will host India's first Telecom Manufacturing Zone (TMZ).
• The project is a joint initiative between the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) (Ministry of Communications) and the Government of Madhya Pradesh.
• 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is allowed in India's telecom sector under the automatic route.
• Historically, Gwalior is famous for the majestic Gwalior Fort (referred to as the 'Gibraltar of India' by Babur) and as the birthplace of the legendary Hindustani classical musician Tansen.

GS Mapping

GS3: Economy, GS3: Science & Technology

News Item

The Ministry of Panchayati Raj has launched the DAANVEER initiative, a unique citizen engagement platform designed to strengthen the digital infrastructure of Gram Panchayats across India. Through the Meri Panchayat app, citizens and organizations can now voluntarily donate computers and other technological equipment directly to local bodies.

Background

The digital empowerment of rural local bodies is a core component of the Digital India mission. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), adding Part IX to the Constitution to empower them as institutions of self-government. However, many Gram Panchayats still face a severe shortage of IT infrastructure, hindering effective e-governance. DAANVEER institutionalizes the spirit of voluntary contribution to address this technological gap, ensuring transparency and accountability in the donation process.

Prelims Facts

• Launched by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
• Aimed at strengthening the digital infrastructure of Gram Panchayats through voluntary citizen contributions.
• Donations can be made seamlessly via the Meri Panchayat app.
• The platform is developed in collaboration with NIC and DigiHaat.
• Static Connect: Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) were constitutionalized through the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992, which introduced the 11th Schedule containing 29 functional items for Panchayats.

GS Mapping

GS2: Governance, GS2: Devolution of Powers

News Item

Para-athlete Sharmila Dhankar has made history by winning India’s first-ever gold medal in para-athletics at the Commonwealth Games. She achieved this remarkable feat in the women's shot put F57 event, drawing praise from the entire nation and top government leaders for her indomitable spirit.

Background

The Commonwealth Games (CWG) is an international multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations, first held in 1930 in Hamilton, Canada. The inclusion of para-sports in the CWG is unique; unlike the Olympics and Paralympics (which are held separately), the CWG holds able-bodied and para-events concurrently. The medals won by para-athletes are counted in the same national tally. The F57 category in para-athletics is specifically designed for field athletes with limb deficiencies, impaired muscle power, or leg length differences, who compete in a seated position.

Prelims Facts

• Sharmila Dhankar won gold in the Women's Shot Put F57 category at the Commonwealth Games.
• She is the first Indian to ever win a gold medal in para-athletics at the Commonwealth Games.
• The F57 classification applies to track and field athletes competing from a seated position due to lower limb impairments.
• The Commonwealth Games integrates para-events alongside regular events, meaning para-medals contribute directly to a nation's overall combined medal tally.

GS Mapping

GS Current Affairs: Sports

News Item

The Ministry of Tourism has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Air India to elevate India's status as a premier global travel destination. Leveraging the iconic 'Incredible India' brand, this partnership aims to attract international tourists through joint destination campaigns, stopover tourism, and a proposed 'Visit India Pass'.

Background

The tourism sector is a vital engine for India's economy, contributing significantly to foreign exchange reserves and large-scale employment creation. Recognizing its potential, the Ministry of Tourism originally launched the 'Incredible India' campaign in 2002 to establish a distinct, premium identity for the country worldwide. To further expand this reach in the post-pandemic era, aviation connectivity is crucial. Air India, possessing an extensive international flight network, serves as a natural partner. By combining the airline's global reach with the nation's rich cultural storytelling, the government seeks to rapidly increase India's share in the competitive global tourism market.

Prelims Facts

• The MoU explores a 'Visit India Pass', which is designed to offer foreign tourists seamless and flexible travel options across Air India's extensive domestic flight network.
• The partnership focuses heavily on stopover tourism, a strategy that encourages transit passengers (who are just changing flights in India) to step out and spend a few days exploring the country.
• In India's current Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy, up to 100% FDI is permitted under the automatic route in the tourism and hospitality industry.
• Other major infrastructure-boosting schemes under the Ministry of Tourism include the Swadesh Darshan Scheme (for developing theme-based tourist circuits) and the PRASHAD Scheme (National Mission on Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Heritage Augmentation Drive).

GS Mapping

GS2: Government Policies & Interventions, GS3: Indian Economy (Tourism Sector)

News Item

On World Nature Conservation Day, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla appealed to citizens to unite for a greener and sustainable future. He emphasized that conserving nature goes beyond saving wildlife; it fundamentally means protecting our forests, rivers, and clean air for upcoming generations.

Background

World Nature Conservation Day is observed globally on July 28 every year to raise awareness about preserving natural resources and protecting the environment from exploitation. India plays a critical role in global conservation efforts. Despite occupying only about 2.4% of the world’s land area, India is classified as one of the 17 'megadiverse' countries in the world and is home to nearly 8% of the world’s recorded biodiversity. A healthy environment is a prerequisite for a stable, productive society and sustainable development.

Prelims Facts

• India is home to more than 70% of the world’s wild tigers.
• India hosts the largest population of Asian elephants globally.
• The Gir National Park in Gujarat is the only place in the world where the wild population of Asiatic lions is found.
• India also boasts the largest population of the Great One-horned Rhinoceroses, which are primarily conserved in Assam's Kaziranga National Park.

GS Mapping

GS3: Environment & Conservation

News Item

To combat the rising threat of cyber financial frauds, the Indian Government has launched the e-Zero FIR system across 18 States and Union Territories. This allows victims to automatically register an initial police complaint online, which is then swiftly routed to the appropriate jurisdiction for necessary legal action.

Background

A traditional Zero FIR allows any police station to register a First Information Report (FIR) irrespective of where the crime actually occurred, ensuring immediate intervention before transferring the case to the jurisdictional police station. The concept was introduced based on the recommendations of the Justice Verma Committee (2013) following the Nirbhaya case. The new e-Zero FIR extends this crucial concept to the digital realm. It integrates seamlessly with the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (NCRP) and the 1930 toll-free helpline, which are managed by the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Prelims Facts

• The e-Zero FIR is automatically generated for financial frauds above a specific financial loss threshold reported on the NCRP or helpline 1930.
• The complainant is strictly required to physically visit the respective territorial cybercrime police station within 3 days to convert the e-Zero FIR into a regular FIR.
• The Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) serves as the nodal central agency for handling these integrated reporting platforms.

GS Mapping

GS2: Governance, GS3: Internal Security

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated three Indian athletes for their stellar performances at the Glasgow Commonwealth Games (CWG) 2026. Sarvesh Kushare soared to a Silver medal in the Men’s High Jump, while in the weightlifting arena, Valluri Ajaya Babu clinched Silver (Men's 79kg) and Bindyarani Devi Sorokhaibam secured Bronze (Women's 58kg).

Background

The Commonwealth Games (CWG) is an international multi-sport event held every four years for athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. The 2026 edition is being hosted in Glasgow, Scotland. India has a rich history in CWG weightlifting, consistently dominating the sport. In competitive weightlifting, athletes perform two main types of lifts: the 'Snatch' (lifting the barbell from the ground to overhead in one continuous motion) and the 'Clean and Jerk' (a two-part lift).

Prelims Facts

• Valluri Ajaya Babu won Silver in the Men's 79kg weightlifting and set a new CWG record in the Snatch event.
• Sarvesh Kushare secured the Silver medal in the Men's High Jump athletics event.
• Bindyarani Devi Sorokhaibam won the Bronze medal in the Women's 58kg weightlifting category.
• The Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games marks Scotland hosting the prestigious event again, having previously hosted it successfully in 2014.

GS Mapping

GS Current Affairs: Sports

News Item

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare observed World Hepatitis Day 2026 under the theme *"Hepatitis: Let's Eliminate It"*, marking the 8th anniversary of the National Viral Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP). The government highlighted significant achievements, including screening over 21 crore beneficiaries, and urged states to ensure 100% screening of pregnant women for Hepatitis B.

Background

Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by viral infections (types A, B, C, D, and E). Hepatitis B and C are often called "silent killers" as they lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. World Hepatitis Day is observed annually on July 28 to raise global awareness. In 2018, India launched the National Viral Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP), integrating it with the National Health Mission. India aims to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3.3). Under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), the Hepatitis B vaccine is provided to prevent early childhood transmission.

Prelims Facts

• World Hepatitis Day 2026 was observed with the theme: "Hepatitis: Let's Eliminate It".
• The Hepatitis B birth dose vaccine (introduced in 2011) has crossed 92% coverage in India.
• Mother-to-child transmission of Hepatitis B is actively prevented by administering Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 24 hours to newborns of Hepatitis B positive mothers.
• India aims to eliminate Viral Hepatitis as a public health risk by 2030, in line with SDG Target 3.3 (which aims to end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases).

GS Mapping

GS2: Health & Government Policies, GS3: Science & Technology (Biotechnology/Diseases)

News Item

The Vice President, Prime Minister, and Defence Minister extended greetings to the personnel of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) on their Raising Day. The leaders praised the force for its unmatched courage, sacrifice, and pivotal role in eliminating Maoism and maintaining internal security.

Background

The CRPF was originally established as the Crown Representative's Police on July 27, 1939, at Neemuch (Madhya Pradesh) to help princely states maintain law and order during British rule. After Independence, it was renamed as the Central Reserve Police Force on December 28, 1949, under the CRPF Act. Envisioned by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel as a multi-role force, it played a crucial role in integrating rebellious princely states like Junagadh into the Indian Union. Today, it stands as India's largest Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) under the Ministry of Home Affairs, serving as the primary responder for internal security challenges ranging from Left Wing Extremism (Naxalism) to counter-insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir.

Prelims Facts

• The CRPF celebrates its Raising Day on July 27, marking its inception in 1939 as the Crown Representative's Police.
• It was formally rechristened as the CRPF on December 28, 1949, through an Act of Parliament.
• It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
• It is India's largest Central Armed Police Force (CAPF).
• Specialized units under CRPF include CoBRA (jungle warfare and anti-Naxal operations) and the Rapid Action Force (riot and crowd control).
• It holds the distinction of raising the first armed women's battalion in the region.

GS Mapping

GS3: Internal Security

News Item

A seven-month nationwide campaign named 'Samarasya Sankalp Abhiyan' has been announced to commemorate the 650th birth anniversary of the revered saint, Sant Guru Ravidas. The campaign will run from Guru Purnima to his birth anniversary on February 20, 2027, focusing on his ideals of social equality and harmony.

Background

The campaign aims to promote social harmony and spread the teachings of Sant Ravidas across the country. Emerging during the medieval Bhakti movement, Sant Ravidas was a revolutionary figure in India's spiritual history. He used his devotional poetry to boldly challenge the deep-rooted caste system and untouchability. Today, he is revered not just as a spiritual leader but as a symbol of dalit empowerment and social reform, with millions of followers globally who identify with the Ravidassia religious movement.

Prelims Facts

• The Samarasya Sankalp Abhiyan is a seven-month campaign dedicated to the 650th birth anniversary of Sant Ravidas.
• Sant Ravidas was a prominent figure of the Nirguna Sampradaya (formless devotion) of the Bhakti movement.
• His birthplace is Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh).
• His verses are enshrined in the Guru Granth Sahib and the Panch Vani.
• He envisioned an egalitarian society called 'Begumpura'.

GS Mapping

GS1: History and Culture

News Item

India has accelerated its efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. The government is rapidly expanding free diagnostics and life-saving treatments under the National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme (NVHCP) to grassroots health centers.

Background

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, primarily caused by viral infections (A, B, C, D, and E), though alcohol, drugs, or autoimmune conditions can also trigger it. While Hepatitis A and E spread mostly through contaminated food and water, Hepatitis B and C are transmitted through infected blood and body fluids, leading to severe chronic conditions like liver cancer and cirrhosis. To combat this, the Indian government launched the NVHCP in 2018 under the National Health Mission. By leveraging cost-effective generic drugs and decentralizing care down to primary health centers, the initiative directly supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.3, which targets the end of communicable diseases like hepatitis by 2030.

Prelims Facts

• The liver inflammation known as Hepatitis is primarily caused by five virus strains: A, B, C, D, and E.
• National Viral Hepatitis Control Programme (NVHCP) targets the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030.
• Hepatitis elimination is a key target under the UN Sustainable Development Goal 3.3.
• Free diagnostics and antiviral medicines for Hepatitis B and C are provided universally under the NVHCP.
• Hepatitis B is preventable by a vaccine, while Hepatitis C can be cured with medicine but has no vaccine.

GS Mapping

GS2: Health

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently addressed youth participating in the Viksit Vibrant Village Programme, urging them to actively connect with India's border regions. He emphasized that these border settlements, now recognized as the country's "first villages," are the foundation for building a developed India (Viksit Bharat).

Background

Historically, India's border villages suffered from poor infrastructure and limited economic opportunities, leading to massive out-migration. To reverse this trend and secure the borders, the government shifted its strategic approach by designating these remote areas as the "First Villages" rather than the "Last Villages" of India. To execute this vision, the Vibrant Villages Programme (VVP) was launched as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. By integrating youth through platforms like Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat), the government aims to bridge the gap between urban youth and grassroots realities, fostering national integration, border tourism, and inclusive development.

Prelims Facts

• The Vibrant Villages Programme aims to develop infrastructure in border villages across four states and one Union Territory on the northern border.
• The conceptual shift under VVP designates border settlements as the "First Villages" rather than the "Last Villages" of the country.
• The MY Bharat platform targets the demographic age group of 15-29 years to encourage youth participation in nation-building.

GS Mapping

GS2: Government Policies and Interventions

News Item

The Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) has extended the Atal Beemit Vyakti Kalyan Yojana (ABVKY) for another year, from July 1, 2026, to June 30, 2027. This scheme acts as a crucial safety net, providing direct financial relief to organized sector workers who suddenly lose their jobs.

Background

Providing social security to the working class is a core principle of a welfare state. In India, the Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC), a statutory body under the Ministry of Labour and Employment, manages the ESI Act of 1948 to provide medical and cash benefits to workers. Recognizing the severe financial stress caused by unexpected job loss, the government utilizes the ABVKY scheme to offer a direct unemployment allowance. To eliminate middlemen and ensure transparency, the scheme uses Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to send the compensation straight to the unemployed worker's bank account.

Prelims Facts

• The ABVKY scheme has been officially extended from July 1, 2026, to June 30, 2027.
• Beneficiaries must have been employed for 12 continuous months prior to becoming unemployed.
• A minimum contribution of 78 days in the preceding 12-month period is mandatory to claim benefits.
• Dismissal due to misconduct or conviction under the ESI Act, 1948, disqualifies a person from receiving this allowance.

GS Mapping

GS2: Government Policies and Interventions

News Item

The Gujarat government is finalizing the Detailed Project Report (DPR) for the ambitious Kalpasar Project, which involves constructing a massive dam across the Gulf of Khambhat. The project aims to build a giant coastal freshwater reservoir to solve acute water scarcity in Saurashtra and cut the travel distance between Bhavnagar and Surat by 179 km.

Background

Saurashtra and Kutch in Gujarat historically face severe water stress due to an arid climate and high groundwater salinity. The Kalpasar Project (officially named the Gulf of Khambhat Development Project) was conceived to impound the freshwater flowing from major rivers like the Narmada, Tapi, Mahi, and Sabarmati into the Arabian Sea before it turns salty. By converting a portion of the marine gulf into a freshwater lake via a 30 km long dyke/dam, it creates a massive water security reserve for irrigation and drinking. The project is assisted by Indo-Dutch technical collaboration for advanced hydraulic modeling and salinity barrier engineering.

Prelims Facts

• The Kalpasar Project aims to construct one of the world's largest coastal freshwater reservoirs in the Gulf of Khambhat.
• A road and rail corridor on top of the dam will reduce the driving distance between Bhavnagar and Surat by approximately 179 km.
• The project envisages installing 2,470 MW of hybrid renewable energy capacity on submerged land during high tides.
• The project utilizes international technical expertise through Indo-Dutch collaboration for coastal engineering and salinity management.
• Major rivers emptying into the Gulf of Khambhat are the Narmada, Tapi, Mahi, and Sabarmati.

GS Mapping

GS1: Geography | GS3: Infrastructure and Water Resources

News Item

India’s weightlifting contingent is making the nation proud at the 2026 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. While Olympic medalist Mirabai Chanu secured a historic third consecutive CWG Gold, Gyaneshwari Yadav, Rishikanta Singh, and Raja Muthupandi brought home Silver medals in their respective weight categories.

Background

The Commonwealth Games (CWG) is a major international multi-sport event held every four years, featuring athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations (mostly former British territories). The first games were held in 1930, and the 2026 edition is currently being hosted in Glasgow, Scotland. In competitive weightlifting, athletes must perform two types of lifts: the Snatch (lifting the barbell from the ground to overhead in one continuous motion) and the Clean and Jerk (lifting it to the shoulders first, then powerfully pushing it overhead). India has historically used weightlifting as a strong medal-winning platform at the CWG.

Prelims Facts

• Mirabai Chanu dominated the women’s 48kg event to win Gold, marking her third consecutive CWG title.
• Gyaneshwari Yadav won Silver in the women’s 53kg category, lifting a total of 199kg. The Gold was won by Nigeria's Onome Omolola Didih.
• Rishikanta Singh Chanambam secured Silver in the men’s 60kg event with a combined total of 264kg.
• Raja Muthupandi clinched a Silver medal in the men’s 65kg weightlifting event.
• The 2026 Commonwealth Games are being hosted in the city of Glasgow, Scotland.

GS Mapping

Prelims: Current Events of National and International Importance

News Item

Indian shooters continue to make the nation proud on the global stage. At the ISSF World Cup 2026, Esha Singh struck gold while Manu Bhaker secured the bronze medal in the women's 25-metre Pistol event, earning high praise from the Defence Minister for strengthening India's sporting ecosystem.

Background

The International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Cup is a premier global shooting competition introduced in 1986 to provide a qualification system for the Olympic Games. India has invested heavily in its grassroots sporting infrastructure, leading to consistent medal hauls in precision sports like shooting. The 25-metre pistol event is a grueling test of accuracy and nerve, requiring female athletes to shoot a .22 caliber pistol at a stationary target in two distinct stages: precision and rapid-fire. Both Esha Singh and Manu Bhaker have previously represented India at the highest levels, including the Asian Games and Olympics, cementing India's status as a global shooting powerhouse.

Prelims Facts

• Esha Singh secured the Gold medal in the women's 25-metre Pistol event at the ISSF World Cup 2026.
• Manu Bhaker won the Bronze medal in the same 25-metre Pistol event.
• The ISSF is headquartered in Munich, Germany, and oversees global Olympic shooting events.

GS Mapping

Prelims: Current Events of National and International Importance

News Item

18-year-old Anahat Singh has scripted history by becoming the first Indian to win the girls' singles title at the World Junior Squash Championships 2026 in Canada, defeating Egypt's Ruqayya Salem.

Background

The World Squash Federation (WSF) organizes the World Junior Squash Championships annually. Historically, Egyptian players have dominated this tournament, winning the girls' title for 16 consecutive years until Anahat broke the streak without dropping a single game. Squash is also set to make its much-anticipated Olympic debut at the Los Angeles 2028 Olympic Games, adding immense significance to this victory for India.

Prelims Facts

• Anahat Singh became the first Indian to win the girls' singles title at the World Junior Squash Championships.
• She defeated Ruqayya Salem (Egypt) to break a 16-year Egyptian winning streak.
• The 2026 tournament was held in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada.
• Squash is scheduled to make its Olympic debut at the Los Angeles 2028 Games.

GS Mapping

Prelims: Current Affairs - Sports

News Item

Indian weightlifter Mirabai Chanu has made history by winning her third consecutive gold medal at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Competing in the women's 48kg event, she lifted a record-breaking total of 190kg, securing India's first gold at the current games.

Background

The Commonwealth Games (CWG) is a quadrennial international multi-sport event among athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. The event was first held in 1930. Weightlifting has been a core sport in the CWG, where India has traditionally demonstrated immense dominance. Mirabai Chanu previously won gold in the 2018 (Gold Coast) and 2022 (Birmingham) editions, solidifying her legacy as one of India's greatest contemporary athletes.

Prelims Facts

• Mirabai Chanu won the gold in the women's 48kg category at the ongoing Commonwealth Games in Glasgow.
• She lifted a total of 190kg, which included an 85kg snatch and a 105kg clean and jerk, setting new Commonwealth and Games records.
• This marks her third straight CWG gold medal, following her victories in the 2018 and 2022 editions.
• She secured India's very first gold medal of the current edition of the games.

GS Mapping

Prelims: Current Affairs - Sports

News Item

In the 136th episode of 'Mann Ki Baat', Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the nation, highlighting India's self-reliance in defense on Kargil Vijay Diwas, alongside key milestones in space technology (Vikram-1). He strongly encouraged citizens to participate in water conservation and tree plantation drives while praising grassroots efforts to revive traditional arts like Kashmir's Wagu mat and Tripura's Chongpreng music.

Background

'Mann Ki Baat' is a monthly radio broadcast launched in 2014 to foster a direct dialogue between the Prime Minister and citizens, focusing on non-political, grassroots issues. This specific episode coincided with the 27th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas (July 26), which commemorates India's victory in the 1999 Kargil War under Operation Vijay. The address reflects a multi-pronged governance approach—integrating national security (Atmanirbhar Bharat in defense) with sustainable development (SDG 6: Clean Water, SDG 13: Climate Action) and the promotion of India's soft power through local cultural heritage (Vocal for Local).

Prelims Facts

• Defense Indigenization: INS Mahendragiri (the last of the Project 17A stealth frigates) was inducted into the Navy, featuring over 75% indigenous content.
• Missile Technology: DRDO successfully tested the Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket and the Kusha missile (India's indigenous long-range air defense system). BrahMos and Astra missiles are being exported to Indonesia.
• Space Milestone: Vikram-1, India’s first privately developed rocket (by Skyroot Aerospace), saw a successful launch, highlighting the positive impact of opening the space sector to private players.
• Water Conservation: The 'Catch The Rain' campaign (launched July 4) is driving groundwater recharge. E.g., 'Amrit Sarovars' in Narsinghpur (MP).
• Environment: The Indian Grey Hornbill (a vital seed disperser known as the "farmer of the forest") has returned to Gujarat's Gir forests after 60 years.
• Waste to Wealth: Sitamarhi in Bihar is successfully recycling single-use plastic to manufacture eco-friendly public benches.
• National Handloom Day: Celebrated on August 7 (commemorating the Swadeshi Movement of 1905). Khadi sales have surged to ₹8,000 crore.

Mains Focus & Analysis

• The Prime Minister's focus on grassroots innovations—from waste recycling in Bihar to reviving traditional arts in Kashmir and Tripura—underscores a decentralized model of growth. When coupled with high-tech achievements in defense and space, it reflects a comprehensive vision for a self-reliant India that values both ecological sustainability and deep-rooted cultural heritage.

GS Mapping

GS2: Governance | GS3: Defence, Science & Technology, Environment | GS1: Art & Culture

News Item

On Kargil Vijay Diwas, Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid heartfelt tribute to the Indian Armed Forces, expressing the nation's profound gratitude for their exceptional bravery. He highlighted that their unwavering patriotism in extreme conditions remains a timeless symbol of national pride and an inspiration for future generations.

Background

Kargil Vijay Diwas is observed annually on July 26 to commemorate India's decisive victory over Pakistan in the 1999 Kargil War. The conflict, codenamed Operation Vijay, was fought in the treacherous high-altitude terrains of Kargil, Dras, and Batalik sectors in Ladakh. It marks the successful eviction of Pakistani armed forces who had secretly occupied strategic peaks on the Indian side of the Line of Control (LoC). This day honors the supreme sacrifice made by Indian soldiers in safeguarding the nation's borders.

Prelims Facts

• Kargil Vijay Diwas is celebrated every year on July 26.
• The 1999 Kargil War was fought under the military codename Operation Vijay.
• The Indian Air Force's supporting air campaign during the war was codenamed Operation Safed Sagar.
• The conflict took place primarily in the Kargil district of Ladakh, along the Line of Control (LoC).

GS Mapping

GS3: Defence and Security

News Item

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has announced a six-member high-powered task force, led by technology expert Nandan Nilekani, to reform India's examination system. The government will also introduce a strict new law in Parliament to punish paper leaks and ensure the credibility of competitive exams.

Background

Recently, India has faced multiple controversies regarding competitive exam paper leaks, raising concerns about the future of millions of students. To tackle this, the government is focusing on systemic and structural reforms. Historically, the Indian education system has been guided by various reform committees, such as the Radhakrishnan Commission and Kothari Commission, culminating in the recent National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Securing exams through advanced technology is now a critical focus. The new legal measures align with the broader objectives of the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024, which aims to bring strict accountability and transparency to the public examination process.

Prelims Facts

• The task force on examination reforms is headed by Nandan Nilekani.
• Other key members include former IB Director Tapan Deka, former ISRO Chairman S. Somanath, IIT Chennai Director V. Kamakoti, former Education Secretary Anita Karwal, and logistics expert Amrit Lal Meena.
• The primary objective is to leverage technology to the maximum extent to make the country’s examination system trustworthy and transparent.
• The government aims to impose exemplary punishment on culprits involved in paper leaks to safeguard the sanctity of competitive examinations.

GS Mapping

GS2: Governance